Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, Das SR, de Ferranti S, Despres JP, et al. Heart disease and stroke Statistics-2016 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;133(4):e38–360.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bowden DW, Cox AJ, Freedman BI, Hugenschimdt CE, Wagenknecht LE, Herrington D, Agarwal S, Register TC, Maldjian JA, Ng MC, et al. Review of the diabetes heart study (DHS) family of studies: a comprehensively examined sample for genetic and epidemiological studies of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Rev Diabet Stud. 2010;7(3):188–201.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hugenschmidt CE, Hsu FC, Hayasaka S, Carr JJ, Freedman BI, Nyenhuis DL, Williamson JD, Bowden DW. The influence of subclinical cardiovascular disease and related risk factors on cognition in type 2 diabetes mellitus: the DHS-mind study. J Diabetes Complicat. 2013;27(5):422–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Kindermann I, Fischer D, Karbach J, Link A, Walenta K, Barth C, Ukena C, Mahfoud F, Kollner V, Kindermann M, et al. Cognitive function in patients with decompensated heart failure: the cognitive impairment in heart failure (CogImpair-HF) study. Eur J Heart Fail. 2012;14(4):404–13.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kuller LH, Lopez OL, Mackey RH, Rosano C, Edmundowicz D, Becker JT, Newman AB. Subclinical cardiovascular disease and death, dementia, and coronary heart disease in patients 80+ years. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67(9):1013–22.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Angermann CE, Frey A, Ertl G. Cognition matters in cardiovascular disease and heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2012;33(14):1721–3.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
O'Donnell M, Teo K, Gao P, Anderson C, Sleight P, Dans A, Marzona I, Bosch J, Probstfield J, Yusuf S. Cognitive impairment and risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. Eur Heart J. 2012;33(14):1777–86.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cox AJ, Hugenschmidt CE, Raffield LM, Langefeld CD, Freedman BI, Williamson JD, Hsu FC, Bowden DW. Heritability and genetic association analysis of cognition in the Diabetes Heart Study. Neurobiol Aging. 2014;35(8):1958 e1953–12.
Article
Google Scholar
Singh-Manoux A, Fayosse A, Sabia S, Canonico M, Bobak M, Elbaz A, Kivimaki M, Dugravot A. Atrial fibrillation as a risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia. Eur Heart J. 2017;38(34):2612–8.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Laukka EJ, Jones S, Fratiglioni L, Backman L. Cognitive functioning in preclinical vascular dementia: a 6-year follow-up. Stroke. 2004;35(8):1805–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zhong J, Agha G, Baccarelli AA. The role of DNA methylation in cardiovascular risk and disease: methodological aspects, study design, and data analysis for epidemiological studies. Circ Res. 2016;118(1):119–31.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Baumgart M, Snyder HM, Carrillo MC, Fazio S, Kim H, Johns H. Summary of the evidence on modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia: a population-based perspective. Alzheimers Dement. 2015;11(6):718–26.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Buchan DS, Thomas NE, Baker JS. Novel risk factors of cardiovascular disease and their associations between obesity, physical activity and physical fitness. J Public Health Res. 2012;1(1):59–66.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Salleh MR. Life event, stress and illness. Malays J Med Sci. 2008;15(4):9–18.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Muka T, Koromani F, Portilla E, O'Connor A, Bramer WM, Troup J, Chowdhury R, Dehghan A, Franco OH. The role of epigenetic modifications in cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. Int J Cardiol. 2016;212:174–83.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kivimaki M, Jokela M, Nyberg ST, Singh-Manoux A, Fransson EI, Alfredsson L, Bjorner JB, Borritz M, Burr H, Casini A, et al. Long working hours and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished data for 603,838 individuals. Lancet. 2015;386(10005):1739–46.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Steptoe A, Kivimaki M. Stress and cardiovascular disease: an update on current knowledge. Annu Rev Public Health. 2013;34:337–54.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Palma-Gudiel H, Cordova-Palomera A, Leza JC, Fananas L. Glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) methylation processes as mediators of early adversity in stress-related disorders causality: a critical review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2015;55:520–35.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
McGowan PO, Sasaki A, D'Alessio AC, Dymov S, Labonte B, Szyf M, Turecki G, Meaney MJ. Epigenetic regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor in human brain associates with childhood abuse. Nat Neurosci. 2009;12(3):342–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Cohen S, Janicki-Deverts D, Miller GE. Psychological stress and disease. JAMA. 2007;298(14):1685–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lagraauw HM, Kuiper J, Bot I. Acute and chronic psychological stress as risk factors for cardiovascular disease: insights gained from epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies. Brain Behav Immun. 2015;50:18–30.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Helbecque N, Amouyel P. Commonalities between genetics of CVD and neurodegenerative disorders. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2004;15(2):121–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Grigorenko EL, Kornilov SA, Naumova OY. Epigenetic regulation of cognition: A circumscribed review of the field. Dev Psychopathol. 2016;28(4pt2):1285–304.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Penner MR, Roth TL, Barnes CA, Sweatt JD. An epigenetic hypothesis of aging-related cognitive dysfunction. Front Aging Neurosci. 2010;2:9.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Group P. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Int J Surg. 2010;8(5):336–41.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nanayakkara PW, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Stehouwer CD, van Ittersum FJ, Olthof MR, Kok RM, Blom HJ, van Guldener C, ter Wee PM, Smulders YM. Association between global leukocyte DNA methylation, renal function, carotid intima-media thickness and plasma homocysteine in patients with stage 2-4 chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008;23(8):2586–92.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hodis HN, Mack WJ, LaBree L, Selzer RH, Liu CR, Liu CH, Azen SP. The role of carotid arterial intima-media thickness in predicting clinical coronary events. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128(4):262–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Greenland P, LaBree L, Azen SP, Doherty TM, Detrano RC. Coronary artery calcium score combined with Framingham score for risk prediction in asymptomatic individuals. JAMA. 2004;291(2):210–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gepner AD, Young R, Delaney JA, Budoff MJ, Polak JF, Blaha MJ, Post WS, Michos ED, Kaufman J, Stein JH. Comparison of Carotid Plaque Score and Coronary Artery Calcium Score for Predicting Cardiovascular Disease Events: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(2).
Sengupta P. The laboratory rat: relating its age with Human's. Int J Prev Med. 2013;4(6):624–30.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Stang A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol. 2010;25(9):603–5.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wells GA, Shea B, O’Connell D, Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M, et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality if nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Available from: URL: http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.htm [cited 2017 Nov 2].
Borgnakke WS, Ylostalo PV, Taylor GW, Genco RJ. Effect of periodontal disease on diabetes: systematic review of epidemiologic observational evidence. J Periodontol. 2013;84(4 Suppl):S135–52.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hooijmans CR, Rovers MM, de Vries RB, Leenaars M, Ritskes-Hoitinga M, Langendam MW. SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2014;14:43.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Liebert A, Krause A, Goonetilleke N, Bicknell B, Kiat H. A role for Photobiomodulation in the prevention of myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury: a systematic review and potential molecular mechanisms. Sci Rep. 2017;7:42386.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Alelu-Paz R, Gonzalez-Corpas A, Ashour N, Escanilla A, Monje A, Guerrero Marquez C, Algora Weber M, Ropero S. DNA methylation pattern of gene promoters of major neurotransmitter systems in older patients with schizophrenia with severe and mild cognitive impairment. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2015;30(6):558–65.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zhao J, An Q, Goldberg J, Quyyumi AA, Vaccarino V. Promoter methylation of glucocorticoid receptor gene is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis: a monozygotic twin study. Atherosclerosis. 2015;242(1):71–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kheirandish-Gozal L, Khalyfa A, Gozal D, Bhattacharjee R, Wang Y. Endothelial dysfunction in children with obstructive sleep apnea is associated with epigenetic changes in the eNOS gene. Chest. 2013;143(4):971–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chen YC, Chen TW, Su MC, Chen CJ, Chen KD, Liou CW, Tang P, Wang TY, Chang JC, Wang CC, et al. Whole genome DNA methylation analysis of obstructive sleep apnea: IL1R2, NPR2, AR, SP140 methylation and clinical phenotype. Sleep. 2016;39(4):743–55.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Nanduri J, Peng YJ, Wang N, Khan SA, Semenza GL, Kumar GK, Prabhakar NR. Epigenetic regulation of redox state mediates persistent cardiorespiratory abnormalities after long-term intermittent hypoxia. J Physiol. 2017;595(1):63–77.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yang Q, Sun M, Ramchandran R, Raj JU. IGF-1 signaling in neonatal hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension: role of epigenetic regulation. Vasc Pharmacol. 2015;73:20–31.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Zhang L, Tang L, Wei J, Lao L, Gu W, Hu Q, Lv Y, Fu L, Du L. Extrauterine growth restriction on pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction in adult male rats: the role of epigenetic mechanisms. J Hypertens. 2014;32(11):2188–98 discussion 2198.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Nanduri J, Makarenko V, Reddy VD, Yuan G, Pawar A, Wang N, Khan SA, Zhang X, Kinsman B, Peng YJ, et al. Epigenetic regulation of hypoxic sensing disrupts cardiorespiratory homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109(7):2515–20.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chu A, Gozal D, Cortese R, Wang Y. Cardiovascular dysfunction in adult mice following postnatal intermittent hypoxia. Pediatr Res. 2015;77(3):425–33.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Peter CJ, Fischer LK, Kundakovic M, Garg P, Jakovcevski M, Dincer A, Amaral AC, Ginns EI, Galdzicka M, Bryce CP, et al. DNA methylation signatures of early childhood malnutrition associated with impairments in attention and cognition. Biol Psychiatry. 2016;80(10):765–74.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Levine AJ, Quach A, Moore DJ, Achim CL, Soontornniyomkij V, Masliah E, Singer EJ, Gelman B, Nemanim N, Horvath S. Accelerated epigenetic aging in brain is associated with pre-mortem HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. J Neuro-Oncol. 2016;22(3):366–75.
CAS
Google Scholar
Ursini G, Bollati V, Fazio L, Porcelli A, Iacovelli L, Catalani A, Sinibaldi L, Gelao B, Romano R, Rampino A, et al. Stress-related methylation of the catechol-O-methyltransferase Val 158 allele predicts human prefrontal cognition and activity. J Neurosci. 2011;31(18):6692–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Cordner ZA, Tamashiro KL. Effects of chronic variable stress on cognition and Bace1 expression among wild-type mice. Transl Psychiatry. 2016;6(7):e854.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Makhathini KB, Abboussi O, Stein DJ, Mabandla MV, Daniels WMU. Repetitive stress leads to impaired cognitive function that is associated with DNA hypomethylation, reduced BDNF and a dysregulated HPA axis. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2017;60:63–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zhu Y, Wang Y, Yao R, Hao T, Cao J, Huang H, Wang L, Wu Y. Enhanced neuroinflammation mediated by DNA methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor triggers cognitive dysfunction after sevoflurane anesthesia in adult rats subjected to maternal separation during the neonatal period. J Neuroinflammation. 2017;14(1):6.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Siuda D, Wu Z, Chen Y, Guo L, Linke M, Zechner U, Xia N, Reifenberg G, Kleinert H, Forstermann U, et al. Social isolation-induced epigenetic changes in midbrain of adult mice. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2014;65(2):247–55.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Turecki G, Meaney MJ. Effects of the social environment and stress on glucocorticoid receptor gene methylation: a systematic review. Biol Psychiatry. 2016;79(2):87–96.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vukojevic V, Kolassa IT, Fastenrath M, Gschwind L, Spalek K, Milnik A, Heck A, Vogler C, Wilker S, Demougin P, et al. Epigenetic modification of the glucocorticoid receptor gene is linked to traumatic memory and post-traumatic stress disorder risk in genocide survivors. J Neurosci. 2014;34(31):10274–84.
Article
PubMed
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Slavich GM, Shields GS. Assessing lifetime stress exposure using the stress and adversity inventory for adults (adult STRAIN): An overview and initial validation. Psychosom Med. 2017.
Leserman J. Role of depression, stress, and trauma in HIV disease progression. Psychosom Med. 2008;70(5):539–45.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Auger CJ, Auger AP. Permanent and plastic epigenesis in neuroendocrine systems. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2013;34(3):190–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Smith JA, Zhao W, Wang X, Ratliff SM, Mukherjee B, Kardia SLR, Liu Y, Roux AVD, Needham BL. Neighborhood characteristics influence DNA methylation of genes involved in stress response and inflammation: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Epigenetics. 2017;12(8):662–73.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Scott KM, Von Korff M, Angermeyer MC, Benjet C, Bruffaerts R, de Girolamo G, Haro JM, Lepine JP, Ormel J, Posada-Villa J, et al. Association of childhood adversities and early-onset mental disorders with adult-onset chronic physical conditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68(8):838–44.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kato N, Loh M, Takeuchi F, Verweij N, Wang X, Zhang W, Kelly TN, Saleheen D, Lehne B, Leach IM, et al. Trans-ancestry genome-wide association study identifies 12 genetic loci influencing blood pressure and implicates a role for DNA methylation. Nat Genet. 2015;47(11):1282–93.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wojtala M, Pirola L, Balcerczyk A. Modulation of the vascular endothelium functioning by dietary components, the role of epigenetics. Biofactors. 2017;43(1):5–16.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ordovas JM, Smith CE. Epigenetics and cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2010;7(9):510–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Meaney S. Epigenetic regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. Front Genet. 2014;5:311.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Kwak SH, Park KS. Recent progress in genetic and epigenetic research on type 2 diabetes. Exp Mol Med. 2016;48:e220.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Zhang Y, Schottker B, Florath I, Stock C, Butterbach K, Holleczek B, Mons U, Brenner H. Smoking-associated DNA methylation biomarkers and their predictive value for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Environ Health Perspect. 2016;124(1):67–74.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Raffield LM, Brenes GA, Cox AJ, Freedman BI, Hugenschmidt CE, Hsu FC, Xu J, Wagner BC, Williamson JD, Maldjian JA, et al. Associations between anxiety and depression symptoms and cognitive testing and neuroimaging in type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complicat. 2016;30(1):143–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Pasternak RC, Abrams J, Greenland P, Smaha LA, Wilson PWF, Houston-Miller N. Task force #1—identification of coronary heart disease risk: is there a detection gap? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41(11):1863–74.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Raggi P, Shaw LJ, Berman DS, Callister TQ. Gender-based differences in the prognostic value of coronary calcification. J Women's Health (Larchmt). 2004;13(3):273–83.
Article
Google Scholar
Kannel WB, McGee DL. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The Framingham study JAMA. 1979;241(19):2035–8.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wei P, Milbauer LC, Enenstein J, Nguyen J, Pan W, Hebbel RP. Differential endothelial cell gene expression by African Americans versus Caucasian Americans: a possible contribution to health disparity in vascular disease and cancer. BMC Med. 2011;9:2.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bild DE. Multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis: objectives and design. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;156(9):871–81.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Allison MA, Criqui MH, McClelland RL, Scott JM, McDermott MM, Liu K, Folsom AR, Bertoni AG, Sharrett AR, Homma S, et al. The effect of novel cardiovascular risk factors on the ethnic-specific odds for peripheral arterial disease in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48(6):1190–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aboyans V, Criqui MH, McClelland RL, Allison MA, McDermott MM, Goff DC Jr, Manolio TA. Intrinsic contribution of gender and ethnicity to normal ankle-brachial index values: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). J Vasc Surg. 2007;45(2):319–27.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kurdyukov S, Bullock M. DNA Methylation Analysis: Choosing the Right Method. Biology (Basel). 2016;5(1).
Jones PA. Functions of DNA methylation: islands, start sites, gene bodies and beyond. Nat Rev Genet. 2012;13(7):484–92.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Adalsteinsson BT, Gudnason H, Aspelund T, Harris TB, Launer LJ, Eiriksdottir G, Smith AV, Gudnason V. Heterogeneity in white blood cells has potential to confound DNA methylation measurements. PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e46705.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Argentieri MA, Nagarajan S, Seddighzadeh B, Baccarelli AA, Shields AE. Epigenetic pathways in human disease: the impact of DNA methylation on stress-related pathogenesis and current challenges in biomarker development. EBioMedicine. 2017;18:327–50.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar