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Clinical-Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics

This section considers studies of the structure and function of genes and chromosomes, with relation to human health and disease and the role of genetic mutations and cytogenetic changes in human genetic disorders.

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  1. Majeed syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive autoinflammatory disorder first described in 1989. The syndrome starts during infancy with recurrent relapses of osteomyelitis typically associated with fever, co...

    Authors: Jun Liu, Xu-Yun Hu, Zhi-Peng Zhao, Ruo-Lan Guo, Jun Guo, Wei Li, Chan-Juan Hao and Bao-Ping Xu
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:182
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  2. PMM2-CDG, is the most common N-linked glycosylation disorder and subtype among all CDG syndromes, which are a series of genetic disorders involving the synthesis and attachment of glycoproteins and glycolipid ...

    Authors: Zhen Zhang, Ti-Long Huang, Jing Ma, Wen-Ji He and Huaiyu Gu
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:181
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  3. Oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene variants have been shown to affect the prevalence of preterm birth, mode of delivery and oxytocin (OXT) requirements for labor induction and augmentation. We hypothesized that this m...

    Authors: F. Füeg, S. Santos, C. Haslinger, B. Stoiber, L. Schäffer, E. Grünblatt, R. Zimmermann and A. P. Simões-Wüst
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:178
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Polydactyly is one of the most common congenital hand/foot malformations in humans. Mutations in GLI3 have been reported to cause syndromic and non-syndromic forms of preaxial and postaxial polydactylies.

    Authors: Qianqian Zou, Zhigang Tian, Jie Zheng, Xiufang Zhi, Xiaojie Du, Jianbo Shu and Chunquan Cai
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:174
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  5. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), an autosomal dominant genetic disorder, is underdiagnosed and undertreated. The majority of FH cases are caused by low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) gene mutations. The ...

    Authors: Weirong Jin, Qiuwang Zhang, Bei Wang, Lili Pan, Hongyou Qin, Daying Yang, Xiangqun Zhou, Yongcai Du, Ling Lin and Michael J. Kutryk
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:173
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Uniparental disomy (UPD) refers to the situation in which two copies of homologous chromosomes or part of a chromosome originate from the one parent and no copy is supplied by the other parent.

    Authors: Dan Li, Yun Wang, Nan Zhao, Liang Chang, Ping Liu, Chan Tian and Jie Qiao
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:172
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  7. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is categorized by alteration of vital pathways such as β-catenin (CTNNB1) mutations, WNT signaling activation, tumor protein 53 (TP53) inactivation, BRAF, Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) ...

    Authors: Suhail Razak, Nousheen Bibi, Javid Ahmad Dar, Tayyaba Afsar, Ali Almajwal, Zahida Parveen and Sarwat Jahan
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:171
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Medical Genetics 2020 21:39

  8. Proximal symphalangism is a rare disease with multiple phenotypes including reduced proximal interphalangeal joint space, symphalangism of the 4th and/or 5th finger, as well as hearing loss. At present, at lea...

    Authors: Cong Ma, Lv Liu, Fang-Na Wang, Hai-Shen Tian, Yan Luo, Rong Yu, Liang-Liang Fan and Ya-Li Li
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:169
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  9. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune diseases characterized by fatigue and weakness of skeletal muscles. B-lymphocyte-activating factor (BAFF), an essential factor for B cell differentiation and development, i...

    Authors: Hui Deng, Jianjian Wang, Xiaotong Kong, Huixue Zhang, Tianfeng Wang, Wenqi Tian, Tingting Yi and Lihua Wang
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:168
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndromes (MDS) are clinically and phenotypically heterogeneous disorders resulting from nuclear gene mutations. The affected individuals represent a notable reduction in mitochondr...

    Authors: Ghazale Mahjoub, Parham Habibzadeh, Hassan Dastsooz, Malihe Mirzaei, Arghavan Kavosi, Laila Jamali, Haniyeh Javanmardi, Pegah Katibeh, Mohammad Ali Faghihi and Seyed Alireza Dastgheib
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:167
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  11. Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) are large group of heterogeneous genetic diseases, having a hallmark feature of muscle weakness. Pathogenic mutations in the gene encoding the giant skeletal muscle pro...

    Authors: Amjad Khan, Rongrong Wang, Shirui Han, Muhammad Umair, Safdar Abbas, Muhammad Ismail Khan, Mohammad A. Alshabeeb, Majid Alfadhel and Xue Zhang
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:166
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:195

  12. Mutations in TSC1 or TSC2 gene cause tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the formation of non-malignant hamartomas in multiple vital organs. TSC1 and TSC2 gene produc...

    Authors: Shruthi Sudarshan, Manoj Kumar, Punit Kaur, Atin Kumar, Sethuraman G., Savita Sapra, Sheffali Gulati, Neerja Gupta, Madhulika Kabra and Madhumita Roy Chowdhury
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:164
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Orbital/periorbital plexiform neurofibroma (OPPN) can compromise physical appearance and visual function. However, the clinical characteristics and NF1 mutation landscape in patients with heritable OPPN have not ...

    Authors: Peiwei Chai, Yingxiu Luo, Chuandi Zhou, Yefei Wang, Xianqun Fan and Renbing Jia
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:158
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a primary immunodeficiency disorder caused by germline mutations in the Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene on X chromosome. These mutations disturb B-cell development, decrease...

    Authors: Mingming Li, Wei Chen, Xiaomeng Sun, Zhipeng Wang, Xun Zou, Hua Wei, Zhan Wang and Wansheng Chen
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:157
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  15. Pompe disease is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficiency of acid alpha-glucosidase (EC. 3.2.1.20) due to mutations in human GAA gene. The objective of the present study was to examine clinical and m...

    Authors: Lukana Ngiwsara, Duangrurdee Wattanasirichaigoon, Thipwimol Tim-Aroon, Kitiwan Rojnueangnit, Saisuda Noojaroen, Arthaporn Khongkraparn, Phannee Sawangareetrakul, James R. Ketudat-Cairns, Ratana Charoenwattanasatien, Voraratt Champattanachai, Chulaluck Kuptanon, Suthipong Pangkanon and Jisnuson Svasti
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:156
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Mutations in more than 52 genes have been identified in isolated congenital cataracts, the majority of which are located in crystalline and connexin (gap junction) genes. An in-frame one amino acid deletion in...

    Authors: Dan Li, Qinghe Jing and Yongxiang Jiang
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:153
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Consanguine families display a high degree of homozygosity which increases the risk of family members suffering from autosomal recessive disorders. Thus, homozygous mutations in monogenic obesity genes may be ...

    Authors: Robina Khan Niazi, Anette Prior Gjesing, Mette Hollensted, Christian Theil Have, Dmitrii Borisevich, Niels Grarup, Oluf Pedersen, Asmat Ullah, Gulbin Shahid, Ifrah Shafqat, Asma Gul and Torben Hansen
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:152
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Genetic testing is becoming an essential tool for breast cancer (BC) diagnosis and treatment pathway, and particularly important for early detection and cancer prevention. The purpose of this study was to expl...

    Authors: Hosneara Akter, Nasima Sultana, Nazrana Martuza, Aaysha Siddiqua, Nushrat Jahan Dity, Md. Atikur Rahaman, Bisan Samara, Ahmed Sayeed, Mohammed Basiruzzaman, Mohammad Mizanur Rahman, Md. Rashidul Hoq, Md. Robed Amin, Md. Abdul Baqui, Marc Woodbury-Smith, K. M. Furkan Uddin, Syed S. Islam…
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:150
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. The SLC29A3 gene, encoding a nucleoside transporter protein, is found in intracellular membranes. Based on the literatures, mutations in this gene cause a wide range of clinical manifestations including H syndrom...

    Authors: Sadaf Noavar, Samira Behroozi, Taraneh Tatarcheh, Farshid Parvini, Majid Foroutan and Hossein Fahimi
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:147
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  20. Although Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDS) can be classified into three forms: myopathic, encephalomyopathic and hepatocerebral form, it is difficult to identify its form due to its clinical heterogen...

    Authors: Xianghong Li, Liangshan Li, Yaqi Sun, Fuyan Lv, Guoqing Zhang, Wenmiao Liu, Meiyan Zhang, Hong Jiang and Shiguo Liu
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:146
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  21. Inherited palmoplantar keratodermas (PPKs) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous and phenotypically diverse group of genodermatoses characterized by hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles. More than 20 g...

    Authors: Abida Akbar, Claire Prince, Chloe Payne, James Fasham, Wasim Ahmad, Emma L. Baple, Andrew H. Crosby, Gaurav V. Harlalka and Asma Gul
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:145
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder causing infertility in reproductive-age women. The cause of PCOS is not fully understood but it is thought to be influenced by environmental and ...

    Authors: Asma A. Batarfi, Najlaa Filimban, Osama S. Bajouh, Ashraf Dallol, Adeel G. Chaudhary and Sherin Bakhashab
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:144
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Mutations of the autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE), located on chromosome 21q22.3, are recognized as the cause of a rare monogenic organ-specific autoimmune disorder called autoimmune polyglandular syndrome typ...

    Authors: Sayed Mahmoud Sajjadi-Jazi, Akbar Soltani, Samaneh Enayati, Armita Kakavand Hamidi and Mahsa M. Amoli
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:143
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  24. Reference genes are often interchangeably called housekeeping genes due to 1) the essential cellular functions their proteins provide and 2) their constitutive expression across a range of normal and pathophys...

    Authors: Lai Xu, Helen Luo, Rong Wang, Wells W. Wu, Je-Nie Phue, Rong-Fong Shen, Hartmut Juhl, Leihong Wu, Wei-lun Alterovitz, Vahan Simonyan, Lorraine Pelosof and Amy S. Rosenberg
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:138
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Thalassemia is the most common inherited disease in the world, involving α- or β-globin in red blood cells. Thalassemia cases rank fifth in the list of national catastrophic diseases in Indonesia; however, nat...

    Authors: Ani Melani Maskoen, Lelani Reniarti, Edhyana Sahiratmadja, Joice Sisca and Sjarif Hidajat Effendi
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:136
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a contiguous gene syndrome caused by partial 4p deletion highly variable in size in individual patients. The core WHS phenotype is defined by the association of growth delay, ...

    Authors: Yanrui Jiang, Huizhen Sun, Qingmin Lin, Zengge Wang, Guanghai Wang, Jian Wang, Fan Jiang and Ruen Yao
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:134
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  28. Proximal symphalangism (SYM1; OMIM 185800), also called Cushing’s symphalangism, is an infrequent autosomal dominant disease. An SYM1 patient typically features variable fusion of proximal interphalangeal join...

    Authors: Yanwei Sha, Ding Ma, Ning Zhang, Xiaoli Wei, Wensheng Liu and Xiong Wang
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:133
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. FOXL2 gene mutations cause blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES) and may be associated with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Two types of BPES were described in the literature. BPES ty...

    Authors: Barbara Grzechocińska, Damian Warzecha, Maria Wypchło, Rafal Ploski and Mirosław Wielgoś
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:132
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  30. CHEK2 is involved in the DNA damage repair response Fanconi anemia (FA)-BRCA pathway. An increased risk for breast and other cancers has been documented in individuals who carry a single pathogenic CHEK2 variant....

    Authors: Konstantinos Agiannitopoulos, Eirini Papadopoulou, Georgios N. Tsaousis, Georgia Pepe, Stavroula Kampouri, Mehmet Ali Kocdor and George Nasioulas
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:131
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  31. Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a group of rare genetically heterogeneous disorders. The present study aimed to identify the genetic cause of a Chinese Han family with non-syndromic oculocutaneous albinism (O...

    Authors: Hairong Wang, Yang Wan, Yun Yang, Hao Li, Liangwei Mao, Shuyang Gao, Jingjing Xu and Jing Wang
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:130
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  32. CHARGE syndrome (MIM# 214800)—which is characterised by a number of congenital anomalies including coloboma, ear anomalies, deafness, facial anomalies, heart defects, atresia choanae, genital hypoplasia, growt...

    Authors: Evelina Siavrienė, Gunda Petraitytė, Violeta Mikštienė, Tautvydas Rančelis, Živilė Maldžienė, Aušra Morkūnienė, Jekaterina Byčkova, Algirdas Utkus, Vaidutis Kučinskas and Eglė Preikšaitienė
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:127
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  33. Osteodysplasia of the oral and maxillofacial bone is generally accompanied by systemic bone abnormalities (such as short stature, joint contracture) or other systemic abnormalities (such as renal, dermatologic...

    Authors: Ken-ichi Aoyama, Minoru Kimura, Hiroshi Yamazaki, Masahiro Uchibori, Rena Kojima, Yuko Osawa, Kazuyoshi Hosomichi, Yoshihide Ota, Masayuki Tanaka, Shiro Yamada and Gen Nishimura
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:126
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  34. Alpha 1 Antitrypsin (AAT) is a key serum proteinase inhibitor encoded by SERPINA1. Sequence variants of the gene can cause Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (AATD), a condition associated with lung and liver disease...

    Authors: Friedrich Kueppers, Mark D. Andrake, Qifang Xu, Roland L. Dunbrack Jr, Joannah Kim and Christopher L. Sanders
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:125
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. The association between mutations in the TNFAIP3 gene and a new autoinflammatory disease (called A20 haploinsufficiency, HA20) has recently been recognized. Here, we describe four patients with HA20 from two u...

    Authors: Guo-min Li, Hai-mei Liu, Wan-zhen Guan, Hong Xu, Bing-bing Wu and Li Sun
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:124
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  36. Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease (1 per 100 000 newborns) caused by NPC proteins impairment that leads to unesterified cholesterol accumulation in late endosomal/lys...

    Authors: Anna V. Degtyareva, Tatiana Y. Proshlyakova, Marina S. Gautier, Dmitry N. Degtyarev, Elena A. Kamenets, Galina V. Baydakova, Denis V. Rebrikov and Ekaterina Y. Zakharova
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:123
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Fanconi anemia (FA) is a heterogeneous genetic disorder characterized by congenital anomalies, early-onset bone marrow failure, and a high predisposition to cancers. Up to know, different genes involved in the...

    Authors: Soheila Zareifar, Hassan Dastsooz, Mahdi Shahriari, Mohammad Ali Faghihi, Golsa Shekarkhar, Mohammadreza Bordbar, Omid Reza Zekavat and Nader Shakibazad
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:122
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  39. Mutations in ARL6IP1, which encodes a tetraspan membrane protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), have been recently described in a large family with a complicated form of hereditary spastic paraplegi...

    Authors: Salma M. Wakil, Safa Alhissi, Haya Al Dossari, Ayesha Alqahtani, Sherin Shibin, Brahim T. Melaiki, Josef Finsterer, Amal Al-Hashem, Saeed Bohlega and Anas M. Alazami
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:119
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  40. Recessive mutations of coding regions and splice sites of the SLC26A4 gene cause hearing loss with enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct (EVA). Some patients also have a thyroid iodination defect that can lead t...

    Authors: Janet R. Chao, Parna Chattaraj, Tina Munjal, Keiji Honda, Kelly A. King, Christopher K. Zalewski, Wade W. Chien, Carmen C. Brewer and Andrew J. Griffith
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:118
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are attractive choices in regenerative medicine and can be genetically modified to obtain better results in therapeutics. Bone development and metabolism are controlled by various...

    Authors: Samaneh Mollazadeh, Bibi Sedigheh Fazly Bazzaz, Vajiheh Neshati, Antoine A. F. de Vries, Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin, Majid Mojarad, Mahdi Mirahmadi, Zeinab Neshati and Mohammad Amin Kerachian
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:117
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Calreticulin (CALR) gene mutations are currently recommended as biomarkers in diagnosis of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) with Jak2 V617F negative phenotype. Our aim was to establish a rapid, lo...

    Authors: Ngo Tat Trung, Dao Thanh Quyen, Nghiem Xuan Hoan, Dao Phuong Giang, Tran Thi Huyen Trang, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan, Mai Hong Bang and Le Huu Song
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:115
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) deficiency (MIM #243700) is a rare disease, leads to a combined primary immunodeficiency (PID), and accounts for the autosomal recessive-hyper immunoglobulin E syndrome (AR-H...

    Authors: Lika’a Fasih Y. Al-Kzayer, Hanadi Munaf H. Al-Aradi, Tomonari Shigemura, Kenji Sano, Miyuki Tanaka, Motoharu Hamada, Kenan Hussien Ali, Osamah Mohammed Aldaghir, Yozo Nakazawa and Yusuke Okuno
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:114
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  44. Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD), also known as de-Morsier syndrome, is a rare disorder characterized by any combination of optic nerve hypoplasia, pituitary gland hypoplasia, and midline abnormalities of the brain...

    Authors: A. Fernández-Marmiesse, M. S. Pérez-Poyato, A. Fontalba, E. Marco de Lucas, M. T. Martínez, M. J. Cabero Pérez and M. L. Couce
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:112
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  45. Citrullinemia type I (CTLN1) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of the urea cycle caused by a deficiency in the argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS1) enzyme due to mutations in the ASS1 gene. Only a few Chinese...

    Authors: Yiming Lin, Hongzhi Gao, Bin Lu, Shuang Zhou, Tianwen Zheng, Weihua Lin, Lin Zhu, Mengyi Jiang and Qingliu Fu
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:110
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  46. Split hand/foot malformation (SHFM) is a group of congenital skeletal disorders which may occur either as an isolated abnormality or in syndromic forms with extra-limb manifestations. Chromosomal micro-duplica...

    Authors: Chamara Sampath Paththinige, Nirmala Dushyanthi Sirisena, Fabienne Escande, Sylvie Manouvrier, Florence Petit and Vajira Harshadeva Weerabaddana Dissanayake
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:108
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  47. Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a human autosomal-recessive hypopigmentation disorder with hypopigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes. OCA1 and OCA2 are caused by mutations of the TYR and OCA2 genes, respectiv...

    Authors: Qi Yang, Sheng Yi, Mengting Li, Bobo Xie, Jinsi Luo, Jin Wang, Xiuliang Rong, Qinle Zhang, Zailong Qin, Limei Hang, Shihan Feng and Xin Fan
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:106
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that is characterized by specific abnormalities of the anterior segment of the eye. Heterozygous mutations in two developmental transcri...

    Authors: Lusi Zhang, Yingqian Peng, Pingbo Ouyang, Youling Liang, Huilan Zeng, Nuo Wang, Xuanchu Duan and Jingming Shi
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:105
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. N-terminal acetylation is a common protein modification in human cells and is catalysed by N-terminal acetyltransferases (NATs), mostly cotranslationally. The NAA10-NAA15 (NatA) protein complex is the major NA...

    Authors: Rasmus Ree, Anni Sofie Geithus, Pernille Mathiesen Tørring, Kristina Pilekær Sørensen, Mads Damkjær, Sally Ann Lynch and Thomas Arnesen
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:101
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. X-linked Adrenal Hypoplasia Congenita (AHC) is a rare cause of primary adrenal insufficiency due to mutations in the NR0B1 gene, causing a loss of function of the nuclear receptor protein DAX-1. Adrenal insuffici...

    Authors: Lorenzo Iughetti, Laura Lucaccioni, Patrizia Bruzzi, Silvia Ciancia, Elena Bigi, Simona Filomena Madeo, Barbara Predieri and Florence Roucher-Boulez
    Citation: BMC Medical Genetics 2019 20:98
    Content type: Case report Published on:

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