Brain tissue- and region-specific abnormalities on volumetric MRI scans in 21 patients with Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS)

Table 2 Analyses of the Quantitative Brain Measures for Patients with BBS and Healthy Controls

	Patients with BBS (n = 21)		Healthy Controls (n = 63)				Sex by Diagnostic Interaction
	Adjusted Mean	Raw Mean	Adjusted Mean	Raw Mean	F*	p	F	p
ICV (cm³)	1,399.05	1,394.12 (109.14)	1,396.66	1,393.70 (124.49)	0.01	0.924	2.48	0.119
Total Brain Tissue	0.913	1,269.60 (122.95)	0.948	1,321.96 (115.29)	23.07	<0.0001	0.97	0.327
Gray Matter	0.613	846.53 (88.11)	0.608	849.51 (63.43)	0.68	0.426	4.63	0.034
White Matter	0.299	423.06 (53.47)	0.339	472.45 (66.86)	42.37	<0.0001	0.54	0.463
CSF	0.086	124.45 (51.27)	0.051	71.73 (38.43)	23.07	<0.0001	0.97	0.327
Surface CSF	0.074	106.83 (48.07)	0.042	59.20 (35.03)	21.85	<0.0001	1.09	0.299
Ventricles	0.012	17.62 (7.09)	0.009	12.52 (9.21)	4.15	.0.450	0.00	0.952
Cerebral Cortex
Frontal	0.197	267.92 (31.81)	0.194	268.99 (20.00)	0.55	0.461	5.31	0.023
Temporal	0.124	172.92 (17.86)	0.125	175.02 (14.24)	0.32	0.571	0.05	0.824
Parietal	0.104	143.85 (15.96)	0.105	147.36 (12.35)	0.36	0.551	0.73	0.395
Occipital	0.062	86.59 (9.73)	0.055	77.95 (7.88)	36.41	<0.0001	0.01	0.913
Cerebral White Matter
Frontal	0.107	151.99 (20.70)	0.119	166.92 (24.59)	23.77	<0.0001	1.25	0.266
Temporal	0.042	60.02 (9.79)	0.049	68.60 (10.69)	39.36	<0.0001	0.00	0.963
Parietal	0.069	97.75 (13.99)	0.074	104.52 (15.67)	10.62	0.0016	0.04	0.844
Occipital	0.017	25.25 (5.75)	0.305	42.50 (9.31)	163.30	<0.0001	0.19	0.662
Cerebellum	0.105	145.77 (15.94)	0.103	143.42 (13.06)	1.93	0.168	0.49	0.487
Caudate	0.311	4.29 (0.58)	0.338	4.73 (0.69)	7.44	0.007	0.02	0.882
Putamen	0.776	10.68 (1.51)	0.834	11.63 (1.29)	7.34	0.008	1.53	0.220
Thalamus	0.846	11.79 (1.70)	0.885	12.32 (1.18)	4.77	0.032	2.22	0.139

*ANCOVA: controlling for age and sex; All brain measures (other than ICV) are expressed as volume/ICV ratios. For caudate, putamen and thalamus, measure is volume/ICV X100 (% of ICV).

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