HNF1AG319S variant, active cigarette smoking and incident type 2 diabetes in Aboriginal Canadians: a population-based epidemiological study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of diabetes-free subjects according to the HNF1A G319S carrier status, the Sandy Lake Health and Diabetes Project (1993-1995)

Characteristic	G319/G319	S319/G319 + S319/S319	p-value
n (%)	388 (80.7)	93 (19.3)
Age (years)^a	26.9 ± 13.6	25.1 ± 10.8	0.18
Sex, male^b	156 (40.2)	47 (50.5)	0.07
Anthropometry^a
Body mass index (kg/m²)	26.1 ± 5.85	25.9 ± 5.11	0.75
Waist circumference (cm)	96.3 ± 14.7	96.3 ± 12.5	0.95
Blood pressure
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)^c	113.0 (104.0-120.0)	116.5 (106.5-121.0)	0.86
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)^a	65.1 ± 11.9	65.5 ± 11.8	0.77
Hypertension, yes^b,d	68 (17.3)	13 (14.0)	0.41
Lipid profile
HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)^a	1.25 ± 0.28	1.24 ± 0.27	0.77
LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)^a	2.49 ± 0.74	2.44 ± 0.78	0.56
Triglyceride (mmol/l)^c	1.16 (0.85-1.61)	1.78 (0.91-1.55)	0.78
Glucose homeostasis
Fasting glucose (mmol/l)^a	5.39 ± 0.49	5.33 ± 0.52	0.31
2-hour postload glucose (mmol/l)^a	5.63 ± 1.75	5.61 ± 1.88	0.93
Fasting insulin (pmol/l)^c	102.0 (71.0-145.0)	91.5 (57.0-132.0)	0.06
HOMA-Insulin resistance^c	3.38 (2.24-4.95)	2.85 (1.92-4.27)	0.05
Pack-year^c	1.25 (0.05-4.80)	1.73 (0.0-6.0)	0.83
Active cigarette smoker, yes^b	248 (64.3)	55 (59.1)	0.36

a. Mean ± standard deviation and Welch's t test performed.
b. n (%) and Chi-Square test performed.
c. Medians (25^th-75^th percentile) and Welch's t test performed on log transformation.
d. Hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of ≥ 85 mmHg or receiving antihypertensive medication therapy.
Abbreviation: HOMA, homoeostasis model assessment. n of subjects for each characteristic varying slightly due to occasional missing values.

ISSN: 1471-2350