Articles

Intronic polymorphisms in genes LRFN2 (rs2494938) and DNAH11 (rs2285947) are prognostic indicators of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Genome wide association study (GWAS) has become the major means to screen for the genetic variants associated with risk and prognosis of different diseases. A recent GWAS has discovered three novel intronic si...

Authors: Jiru Wang, Qiuzi Wang, Bin Wei, Yu Zhou, Zhaoye Qian, Yong Gao and Xiaofei Chen

Identification of novel sarcoma risk genes using a two-stage genome wide DNA sequencing strategy in cancer cluster families and population case and control cohorts

Although familial clustering of cancers is relatively common, only a small proportion of familial cancer risk can be explained by known cancer predisposition genes.

Authors: Rachel M. Jones, Phillip E. Melton, Mark Pinese, Alexander J. Rea, Evan Ingley, Mandy L. Ballinger, David J. Wood, David M. Thomas and Eric K. Moses

Novel Usher syndrome pathogenic variants identified in cases with hearing and vision loss

Usher syndrome, the most common form of inherited deaf-blindness, is unlike many other forms of syndromic hereditary hearing loss in that the extra aural clinical manifestations are also detrimental to communi...

Authors: Justin A. Pater, Jane Green, Darren D. O’Rielly, Anne Griffin, Jessica Squires, Taylor Burt, Sara Fernandez, Bridget Fernandez, Jim Houston, Jiayi Zhou, Nicole M. Roslin and Terry-Lynn Young

MLH1 germline mutation associated with Lynch syndrome in a family followed for more than 45 years

Lynch syndrome, is an autosomal dominantly inherited disease that predisposes individuals to a high risk of colorectal cancers, and some mismatch-repair genes have been identified as causative genes. The purpo...

Authors: Tomoyuki Momma, Kenji Gonda, Yoshinori Akama, Eisei Endo, Daisuke Ujiie, Shotaro Fujita, Yuko Maejima, Shoichiro Horita, Kenju Shimomura, Shigehira Saji, Koji Kono, Rei Yashima, Fumiaki Watanabe, Kokichi Sugano and Tadashi Nomizu

Case report: a rare case of Hunter syndrome (type II mucopolysaccharidosis) in a girl

Hunter syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type II) is a recessive X-linked disorder due to mutations in the iduronate 2-sulfatase (IDS) gene. The IDS gene encodes a lysosomal enzyme, iduronate 2-sulfatase. The disea...

Authors: A. N. Semyachkina, E. Y. Voskoboeva, E. Y. Zakharova, E. A. Nikolaeva, I. V. Kanivets, A. D. Kolotii, G. V. Baydakova, M. N. Kharabadze, R. G. Kuramagomedova and N. V. Melnikova

Functional characterization of two enhancers located downstream FOXP2

Mutations in the coding region of FOXP2 are known to cause speech and language impairment. However, it is not clear how dysregulation of the gene contributes to language deficit. Interestingly, microdeletions of ...

Authors: Raúl Torres-Ruiz, Antonio Benítez-Burraco, Marta Martínez-Lage, Sandra Rodríguez-Perales and Paloma García-Bellido

GATA2 mutation in long stand Mycobacterium kansasii infection, myelodysplasia and MonoMAC syndrome: a case-report

GATA2 is a transcription factor that is a critical regulator of gene expression in hematopoietic cells. GATA2 deficiency presents with multi-lineage cytopenia, mycobacterial, fungal and viral infections. Patie...

Authors: Daniela Palheiro Mendes-de-Almeida, Francianne Gomes Andrade, Gustavo Borges, Filipe V. dos Santos-Bueno, Iracema F. Vieira, Luana Kelly M. da S. da Rocha, Daniella A. Mendes-da-Cruz, Rosely M. Zancopé-Oliveira, Rodrigo T. Calado and Maria S. Pombo-de-Oliveira

Progressive optic nerve changes in cavitary optic disc anomaly: integration of copy number alteration and cis-expression quantitative trait loci to assess disease etiology

We performed clinical and genetic characterization of a family with cavitary optic disc anomaly (CODA), an autosomal dominant condition that causes vision loss due to adult-onset maculopathy in the majority of...

Authors: Eileen S. Hwang, Denise J. Morgan, Katie L. Pennington, Leah A. Owen, John H. Fingert, Paul S. Bernstein and Margaret M. DeAngelis

The CIMP-high phenotype is associated with energy metabolism alterations in colon adenocarcinoma

CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) is found in 15–20% of malignant colorectal tumors and is characterized by strong CpG hypermethylation over the genome. The molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon are not...

Authors: Maria S. Fedorova, George S. Krasnov, Elena N. Lukyanova, Andrew R. Zaretsky, Alexey A. Dmitriev, Nataliya V. Melnikova, Alexey A. Moskalev, Sergey L. Kharitonov, Elena A. Pudova, Zulfiya G. Guvatova, Anastasiya A. Kobelyatskaya, Irina A. Ishina, Elena N. Slavnova, Anastasia V. Lipatova, Maria A. Chernichenko, Dmitry V. Sidorov…

Exome-wide survey of the Siberian Caucasian population

Population structure is an important factor in the genetic association studies but often remains underexplored for many human populations. We identified exome variants in 39 Siberian Caucasian individuals from...

Authors: Andrey A. Yurchenko, Nikolai S. Yudin and Mikhail I. Voevoda

Medical genetics studies at BGRS conference series

Authors: Ancha V. Baranova, Mikhail Yu. Skoblov, Elena N. Voropaeva, Piramanayagam Shanmughavel and Yuriy L. Orlov

Vitamin D₃ treatment differentially affects anxiety-like behavior in the old ovariectomized female rats and old ovariectomized female rats treated with low dose of 17β-estradiol

Estrogen deficiency effects on affective-related behavior are restricted to certain periods of age after ovary removal. Among other nutraceuticals, one of such «natural» substances for treatment of affective-r...

Authors: Julia O. Fedotova

Novel potential causative genes in carotid paragangliomas

Carotid paragangliomas (CPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors that arise from the paraganglion at the bifurcation of the carotid artery and are responsible for approximately 65% of all head and neck paragangli...

Authors: Anastasiya V. Snezhkina, Elena N. Lukyanova, Andrew R. Zaretsky, Dmitry V. Kalinin, Anatoly V. Pokrovsky, Alexander L. Golovyuk, George S. Krasnov, Maria S. Fedorova, Elena A. Pudova, Sergey L. Kharitonov, Nataliya V. Melnikova, Boris Y. Alekseev, Marina V. Kiseleva, Andrey D. Kaprin, Alexey A. Dmitriev and Anna V. Kudryavtseva

A pharmacogenetic study of patients with schizophrenia from West Siberia gets insight into dopaminergic mechanisms of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia

Hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) is a classical side effect of antipsychotic drugs primarily attributed to blockade of dopamine D2 receptors (DRD2s) on the membranes of lactotroph cells within the pituitary gland. Ce...

Authors: Diana Z. Osmanova, Maxim B. Freidin, Olga Yu. Fedorenko, Ivan V. Pozhidaev, Anastasiia S. Boiko, Natalia M. Vyalova, Vladimir V. Tiguntsev, Elena G. Kornetova, Anton J. M. Loonen, Arkadiy V. Semke, Bob Wilffert, Nikolay A. Bokhan and Svetlana A. Ivanova

Novel likely pathogenic variants in TMEM126A identified in non-syndromic autosomal recessive optic atrophy: two case reports

Reports on autosomal recessive optic atrophy (arOA) are sparse and so far, only one gene has been specifically associated with non-syndromic arOA, namely TMEM126A. To date, all reports of pathogenic TMEM126A vari...

Authors: Katja Kloth, Matthis Synofzik, Christoph Kernstock, Simone Schimpf-Linzenbold, Frank Schuettauf, Axel Neu, Bernd Wissinger and Nicole Weisschuh

A case report of recessive restrictive cardiomyopathy caused by a novel mutation in cardiac troponin I (TNNI3)

Restrictive cardiomyopathy is a rare cardiac disease, for which several genes including TNNT2, MYPN, FLNC and TNNI3 have been associated with its familial form.

Authors: Malena P. Pantou, Polyxeni Gourzi, Aggeliki Gkouziouta, Iakovos Armenis, Loukas Kaklamanis, Christianna Zygouri, Pantelis Constantoulakis, Stamatis Adamopoulos and Dimitrios Degiannis

Genotype-phenotype correlation analysis of MYO15A variants in autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss

MYO15A variants are responsible for human non-syndromic autosomal recessive deafness (DFNB3). The majority of MYO15A variants are associated with a congenital severe-to-profound hearing loss phenotype, except for...

Authors: Jing Zhang, Jing Guan, Hongyang Wang, Linwei Yin, Dayong Wang, Lidong Zhao, Huifang Zhou and Qiuju Wang

Association between KIF1B rs17401966 genetic polymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma susceptibility: an updated meta-analysis

Several studies have focused on the association between KIF1B rs17401966 polymorphism and susceptibility to hepatitis B virus-related (HBV-related) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the conclusions have been...

Authors: Ying-ying Luo, Hong-peng Zhang, Ai-long Huang and Jie-li Hu

A cis-eQTL allele regulating reduced expression of CHI3L1 is associated with late-onset adult asthma in Japanese cohorts

The chitinase-like protein YKL-40 plays a major role in inhibiting the inflammasome. Deregulation of inflammasome activation is emerging as a key modulator of pathologic airway inflammation in patients with as...

Authors: Jun Kanazawa, Haruna Kitazawa, Hironori Masuko, Yohei Yatagai, Tohru Sakamoto, Yoshiko Kaneko, Hiroaki Iijima, Takashi Naito, Takefumi Saito, Emiko Noguchi, Satoshi Konno, Masaharu Nishimura, Tomomitsu Hirota, Mayumi Tamari and Nobuyuki Hizawa

The TECTA mutation R1890C is identified as one of the causes of genetic hearing loss: a case report

Many mutations in the α-tectorin gene (TECTA) have been reported to cause non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) in either a dominant or recessive inheritance pattern. Among the identified TECTA mutations, H1400Y has ...

Authors: Gi-Sung Nam, John Hoon Rim, Jae Young Choi, Heon Yung Gee, Jong Rak Choi, Seung-Tae Lee and Jinsei Jung

A novel PHKA2 mutation in a Chinese child with glycogen storage disease type IXa: a case report and literature review

PHKA2 gene mutations can cause liver phosphorylase kinase (PhK) deficiency, resulting in glycogen storage disease type IXa (GSD IXa). Elevated liver transaminase levels and liver enlargement are the most frequent...

Authors: Junling Fu, Tong Wang and Xinhua Xiao

Rare RNF213 variants and the risk of intracranial artery stenosis/occlusion disease in Chinese population: a case-control study

RNF213 rare variant-p.R4810K (rs112735431) was significantly associated with intracranial artery stenosis/occlusion disease (ICASO) in Japan and Korea and to a lesser degree in China. Considering the allelic hete...

Authors: Xin Liao, Tong Zhang, Bingyang Li, Shimin Hu, Junyu Liu, Jing Deng, Hongzhuan Tan and Junxia Yan

Weighted correlation network and differential expression analyses identify candidate genes associated with BRAF gene in melanoma

Primary cutaneous malignant melanoma is a cancer of the pigment cells of the skin, some of which are accompanied by BRAF mutation. Melanoma incidence and mortality rates have been rising around the world. As the ...

Authors: Bin Zhao, Yanqiu You, Zheng Wan, Yunhan Ma, Yani Huo, Hongyi Liu, Yuanyuan Zhou, Wei Quan, Weibin Chen, Xiaohong Zhang, Fujun Li and Yilin Zhao

Progressive Pseudorheumatoid Dysplasia resolved by whole exome sequencing: a novel mutation in WISP3 and review of the literature

Progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia (PPRD) is a rare autosomal-recessive, non-inflammatory arthropathy, shown to be caused by mutations in the WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 3 (WISP3) gene. Although ...

Authors: Ben Pode-Shakked, Asaf Vivante, Ortal Barel, Shai Padeh, Dina Marek-Yagel, Alvit Veber, Shachar Abudi, Aviva Eliyahu, Irit Tirosh, Shiri Shpilman, Shirlee Shril, Friedhelm Hildebrandt, Mordechai Shohat and Yair Anikster

Meta-analysis of associations of vascular endothelial growth factor protein levels and -634G/C polymorphism with systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility

The purpose of this study was to detect the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) risk.

Authors: Wenzhuang Tang, Tianbiao Zhou, Zhiqing Zhong and Hongzhen Zhong

An immunocompetent patient with a nonsense mutation in NHEJ1 gene

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are among the most deleterious types of DNA damage. DSBs are repaired by homologous recombination or non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). NHEJ, which is central to the process of ...

Authors: Hossein Esmaeilzadeh, Mohammad Reza Bordbar, Zahra Hojaji, Parham Habibzadeh, Dorna Afshinfar, Mohammad Miryounesi, Majid Fardaei and Mohammad Ali Faghihi

Spectrum of CFTR mutations in Chechen cystic fibrosis patients: high frequency of c.1545_1546delTA (p.Tyr515X; 1677delTA) and c.274G>A (p.Glu92Lys, E92K) mutations in North Caucasus

Cystic fibrosis (CF; OMIM #219700) is a common autosomal recessive disease caused by pathogenic variants (henceforward mutations) in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR). The spectr...

Authors: N. V. Petrova, N. Y. Kashirskaya, D. K. Saydaeva, A. V. Polyakov, T.A. Adyan, O. I. Simonova, Y. V. Gorinova, E. I. Kondratyeva, V. D. Sherman, O. G. Novoselova, T. A. Vasilyeva, A. V. Marakhonov, M. Macek Jr, E. K. Ginter and R. A. Zinchenko

A novel pathogenic variant in OSBPL2 linked to hereditary late-onset deafness in a Mongolian family

To investigate the clinical features and the underlying causal gene of a family with hereditary late-onset deafness in Inner Mongolia of China, and to provide evidence for the early genetic screening and diagn...

Authors: Ningjin Wu, Husile Husile, Liqing Yang, Yaning Cao, Xing Li, Wenyan Huo, Haihua Bai, Yangjian Liu and Qizhu Wu

A novel mutation in the OAR domain of PITX3 associated with congenital posterior subcapsular cataract

Congenital cataract is the most common cause of blindness among children worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify causative mutations in a Chinese family with isolated autosomal dominant posterior subc...

Authors: Qi Fan, Dan Li, Lei Cai, Xiaodi Qiu, Zhennan Zhao, Jihong Wu, Jin Yang and Yi Lu

X-linked inheritances recessive of congenital nystagmus and autosomal dominant inheritances of congenital cataracts coexist in a Chinese family: a case report and literature review

Congenital nystagmus (CN) and congenital cataracts are distinct eye diseases and are usually isolated. Cases with CN and congenital cataracts caused by different genes in one family have been rarely reported.

Authors: Naihong Yan, Lirong Xiao, Chen Hou, Bo Guo, Wei Fan, Yingping Deng and Ke Ma

Clinical features and genetic analysis of two siblings with startle disease in an Italian family: a case report

Hyperekplexia also known as Startle disease is a rare neuromotor hereditary disorder characterized by exaggerated startle responses to unexpected auditory, tactile, and visual stimuli and generalized muscle st...

Authors: Teresa Sprovieri, Carmine Ungaro, Serena Sivo, Michela Quintiliani, Ilaria Contaldo, Chiara Veredice, Luigi Citrigno, Maria Muglia, Francesca Cavalcanti, Sebastiano Cavallaro, Eugenio Mercuri and Domenica Battaglia

Effects of early- and mid-life stress on DNA methylation of genes associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease and cognitive impairment: a systematic review

Traditional and novel risk factors cannot sufficiently explain the differential susceptibility to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Epigenetics may serve to partially explain this residual disparity, with life cou...

Authors: Elena M. Vidrascu, Alexander C. Bashore, Timothy D. Howard and Justin B. Moore

A novel deletion mutation in KMT2A identified in a child with ID/DD and blood eosinophilia

The KMT2A gene encoded lysine methyltransferase plays an essential role in regulating gene expression during early development and hematopoiesis. To date, 92 different mutations of KMT2A have been curated in the ...

Authors: Haixia Zhang, Bingwu Xiang, Hui Chen, Xiang Chen and Tao Cai

HIF-1 transcription activity: HIF1A driven response in normoxia and in hypoxia

HIF1A (Hypoxia-Inducible-Factor 1A) expression in solid tumors is relevant to establish resistance to therapeutic approaches. The use of compounds direct against hypoxia signaling and HIF1A does not show clini...

Authors: Flora Cimmino, Marianna Avitabile, Vito Alessandro Lasorsa, Annalaura Montella, Lucia Pezone, Sueva Cantalupo, Feliciano Visconte, Maria Valeria Corrias, Achille Iolascon and Mario Capasso

Association of a placental Interleukin-6 genetic variant (rs1800796) with DNA methylation, gene expression and risk of acute chorioamnionitis

Acute chorioamnionitis (aCA), inflammation of the placenta and fetal membranes, is a frequently reported lesion in preterm deliveries. Genetic variants in innate immune system genes such as Interleukin-6 (IL6) ma...

Authors: Chaini Konwar, Giulia F. Del Gobbo, Jefferson Terry and Wendy P. Robinson

The association between interleukin-6 gene -174G/C single nucleotide polymorphism and sepsis: an updated meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis

This article intends to explore the association between interleukin-6 gene (IL-6) -174 G/C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and the risk and mortality of sepsis by conducting this updated meta-analysis with t...

Authors: Yao Chen, Yanyan Hu and Zhenju Song

Novel mutations of STXBP2 and LYST associated with adult haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with Epstein-Barr virus infection: a case report

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a life-threatening disease resulting from primary or secondary hyper-inflammatory disorders. The typical symptoms include persistent fever, splenomegaly, cytopenia and si...

Authors: Lingshuang Sheng, Wei Zhang, Jia Gu, Kefeng Shen, Hui Luo and Yang Yang

A functional variant alters binding of activating protein 1 regulating expression of FGF7 gene associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of a large cohort of subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have successfully identified multiple risk genes, including fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7

Authors: Xiaomei Zhang, Yongxin Guo, Jing Yang, Jianlou Niu, Lina Du, Haiyan Li and Xiaokun Li

Association of vitamin D receptor gene variants with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in reproductive-age women. Multiple susceptible gene as well as environmental factors and their interaction each other are contributed to the PCO...

Authors: Xiao-Yuan Shi, Ai-Ping Huang, Duo-Wen Xie and Xiao-Long Yu

Gaucher disease: single gene molecular characterization of one-hundred Indian patients reveals novel variants and the most prevalent mutation

Gaucher disease is a rare pan-ethnic, lysosomal storage disorder resulting due to beta-Glucosidase (GBA1) gene defect. This leads to the glucocerebrosidase enzyme deficiency and an increased accumulation of undeg...

Authors: Jayesh Sheth, Riddhi Bhavsar, Mehul Mistri, Dhairya Pancholi, Ashish Bavdekar, Ashwin Dalal, Prajnya Ranganath, Katta M Girisha, Anju Shukla, Shubha Phadke, Ratna Puri, Inusha Panigrahi, Anupriya Kaur, Mamta Muranjan, Manisha Goyal, Radha Ramadevi…

Whole-exome sequencing identifies a novel missense variant within LOXHD1 causing rare hearing loss in a Chinese family

Deafness, autosomal recessive 77 (DFNB77) is a rare non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) worldwide, which is caused by deleterious variants within lipoxygenase homology domains 1 (LOXHD1). Here we identified that a ...

Authors: Na Shen, Ting Wang, Delei Li, Aiguo Liu and Yanjun Lu

TNFSF15 promoter polymorphisms increase the susceptibility to small cell lung cancer: a case-control study

Tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 15 (TNFSF15) is closely related to tumorigenesis and development. This study aimed to investigate the correlations between TNFSF15 polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility...

Authors: Hui Gao, Zeren Niu, Zhi Zhang, Hongjiao Wu, Yuning Xie, Zhenbang Yang, Ang Li, Zhenxian Jia and Xuemei Zhang

ATM rs189037 (G > A) polymorphism increased the risk of cancer: an updated meta-analysis

Rs189037 (G > A) is a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene that may be associated with the risk of cancer. We performed a meta-analysis to determine w...

Authors: Zhi-liang Zhao, Lu Xia, Cong Zhao and Jun Yao

Exome genotyping and linkage analysis identifies two novel linked regions and replicates two others for myopia in Ashkenazi Jewish families

Myopia is one of most common eye diseases in the world and affects 1 in 4 Americans. It is a complex disease caused by both environmental and genetics effects; the genetics effects are still not well understoo...

Authors: Claire L. Simpson, Anthony M. Musolf, Qing Li, Laura Portas, Federico Murgia, Roberto Y. Cordero, Jennifer B. Cordero, Bilal A. Moiz, Emily R. Holzinger, Candace D. Middlebrooks, Deyana D. Lewis, Joan E. Bailey-Wilson and Dwight Stambolian

Association between polymorphisms in the GRIN1 gene 5′ regulatory region and schizophrenia in a northern Han Chinese population and haplotype effects on protein expression in vitro

Schizophrenia is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex genetic and environmental etiology. Abnormal glutamate ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) type subunit 1 (NR1) may be a potenti...

Authors: Yong-ping Liu, Mei Ding, Xi-cen Zhang, Yi Liu, Jin-feng Xuan, Jia-xin Xing, Xi Xia, Jun Yao and Bao-jie Wang

Analysis of genetic polymorphisms for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in Chinese Tujia ethnic minority group

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) can cause vision loss or blindness in elderly. The associations between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and AMD in Chinese Tujia ethnic minority group are still uncl...

Authors: Shengchun Liu, Mingxing Wu, Bianwen Zhang, Xiaojing Xiong, Hao Wang and Xiyuan Zhou

Association study between KIR polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis disease: an updated meta-analysis

Currently published studies investigating association between the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) reported inconsistent and contradictory results...

Authors: Hamideh Aghaei, Shayan Mostafaei, Saeed Aslani, Ahmadreza Jamshidi and Mahdi Mahmoudi

A new genetic variant of hereditary apolipoprotein A-I amyloidosis: a case-report followed by discussion of diagnostic challenges and therapeutic options

Hereditary amyloidosis refers to a wide spectrum of rare diseases with different causative mutations in the genes of various proteins including transthyretin, apolipoprotein AI and AII, gelsolin, lysozyme, cys...

Authors: Myrto Moutafi, Dimitrios C. Ziogas, Spyros Michopoulos, Tina Bagratuni, Vassiliki Vasileiou, Laura Verga, Giampaolo Merlini, Giovanni Palladini, Charis Matsouka, Meletios A. Dimopoulos and Efstathios Kastritis

Glutathione S-transferase pi 1 variant and squamous cell carcinoma susceptibility: a meta-analysis of 52 case-control studies

There are several meta-analyses on the genetic relationship between the rs1695 polymorphism within the GSTP1 (glutathione S-transferase pi 1) gene and the risk of different SCC (squamous cell carcinoma) diseases,...

Authors: Shuang Wang, Jingqi Zhang, Fan Jun and Zhijie Bai

Characterization of APOBEC3 variation in a population of HIV-1 infected individuals in northern South Africa

The apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) genes A3D, A3F, A3G and A3H have all been implicated in the restriction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replicati...

Authors: Nontokozo D. Matume, Denis M. Tebit, Laurie R. Gray, Stephen D. Turner, David Rekosh, Pascal O. Bessong and Marie-Louise Hammarskjöld