Table 1 Phenotypic characterization of the study population
Family relation | Probands (n = 58) | Offspring (n = 249) | Other relatives (n = 79) | Spouses (n = 48) | ||||
Trait | Mean (SD) | Range | Mean (SD) | Range | Mean (SD) | Range | Mean (SD) | Range |
Body composition at birth | ||||||||
Sex (men/women) | 34/24 | NA | 118/131 | NA | 38/41 | NA | 12/36 | NA |
Birth weight (g) | 3495 (510.9) | 2200, 4000 | 3573 (582.1) | 1950, 5500 | 3622 (467.3) | 2300, 4400 | 3466 (491.8) | 1950, 4500 |
Birth length (cm) | 50.8 (2.2) | 46.0, 54.0 | 52.3 (2.2) | 45.0, 59.0 | 52.3 (2.3) | 47.0, 59.0 | 50.7 (2.4) | 42.0, 54.0 |
Ponderal index | 26.5 (3.6) | 21.3, 36.2 | 24.9 (2.8) | 12.7, 33.6 | 25.4 (3.1) | 19.1, 36.2 | 26.6 (2.7) | 21.3, 32.0 |
Body composition in adulthood | ||||||||
Age (years) | 67.8 (8.2) | 43.3, 86.1 | 40.6 (9.0) | 14.9, 73.0 | 48.9 (16.9) | 19.7, 83.6 | 66.1 (8.2) | 42.5, 88.2 |
Weight (kg) | 88.2 (17.7) | 56.5, 153.0 | 78.6 (16.2) | 47.5, 134.2 | 80.3 (16.9) | 48.0, 124.0 | 78.0 (12.5) | 57.3, 110.0 |
Height (cm) | 169.0 (10.7) | 151.0, 191.5 | 173.1 (8.6) | 154.0, 200.0 | 169.8 (9.3) | 147.0, 192.0 | 165 (6.9) | 152.0, 179.0 |
Waist (cm) | 101.1 (14.1) | 79.0, 150.0 | 86.3 (13.9) | 61.0, 128.0 | 90.9 (14.4) | 63.0, 126.0 | 92.0 (11.4) | 72.0, 118.0 |
Hip (cm) | 105.9 (10.5) | 91.0, 155.0 | 99.6 (8.89) | 76.0, 132.0 | 101.9 (11.4) | 81.0, 137.0 | 104.1 (9.8) | 87.0, 131.0 |
Waist-hip ratio | 0.95 (0.1) | 0.79, 1.19 | 0.87 (0.10) | 0.67, 1.17 | 0.89 (0.1) | 0.68, 1.10 | 0.88 (0.08) | 0.71, 1.09 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 30.8 (5.3) | 22.3, 48.8 | 26.2 (4.85) | 16.9, 43.1 | 27.8 (5.3) | 17.9, 43.4 | 28.8 (5.2) | 20.3, 40.8 |
Fat free mass (kg) | 56.5 (13.0) | 36.3, 84.2 | 52.2 (10.8) | 30.3, 86.0 | 53.7 (12.6) | 35.8, 85.6 | 46.5 (7.6) | 32.8, 66.6 |
Fat mass (kg) | 32.6 (11.2) | 14.2, 79.5 | 25.6 (11.1) | 3.76, 58.8 | 30.4 (11.6) | 5.91, 60.6 | 30.2 (11.3) | 12.0, 58.2 |
Glyceamic regulation in adulthood | ||||||||
Probands (n = 28) | Offspring (n = 246) | Other relatives (n = 77) | Spouses (n = 47) | |||||
Fasting serum insulin (pmol/l) | 66.7 (37.3) | 18.0, 160.0 | 43.0 (31.5) | 5.67, 210.3 | 55.1 (40.4) | 15.7, 253.0 | 52.2 (41.7) | 18.3, 267.3 |
HOMA-B (%) | 388.7 (315.8) | 58.5, 1090 | 520.6 (361.5) | 75.0, 3182 | 530.2 (306.9) | 73.6, 1853 | 590.5 (444.5) | 170.7, 2839 |
BIGTT-AIR | 998.0 (874.6) | 140.9, 1889 | 2608.0 (1364) | 82.7, 9238 | 2705 (2032) | 1261, 14,000 | 4593 (10884) | 1244, 66,560 |
Insulinogenic index | 26.49 (25.2) | 7.20, 63.5 | 134.3 (422.2) | 8.35, 5970 | 101.8 (117.8) | 4.91, 815.2 | 95.5 (75.0) | 15.3, 368.3 |
AUC insulin 4 h (pmol/l*min) | 36,600 (30016) | 14,350, 77,980 | 45,380 (32892) | 12,120, 223,400 | 54,370 (30367) | 8060, 125,800 | 68,500 (56029) | 21,790, 329,300 |
Insulin sensitivity | ||||||||
HOMA-IR | 22.2 (14.7) | 4.98, 57.9 | 10.8 (9.47) | 0.95, 57.5 | 15.9 (20.1) | 3.52, 156.3 | 13.1 (11.1) | 3.90, 64.0 |
Matsuda insulin sensitivity index | 10.5 (7.3) | 2.35, 26.3 | 10.5 (6.08) | 1.50, 38.3 | 8.81 (5.6) | 1.10, 24.7 | 9.26 (7.43) | 0.96, 39.0 |