Table 2 Polymorphisms investigated in African studies

Tayo et al. [29]

APOL1 (22q12.3)

rs9622363

A: 25.86/29.75

Custom Fluidigm ™ 96.96 array platform; TaqMan genotyping assay

0.788

Age

Gender

OR (additive): 0.76 (0.45 to1.31); p = 0.875

OR (dominant): 0.88 (0.47 to 1.66); p = 0.999

OR (recessive): 0.24 (0.05 to 1.29); p = 0.377

CKD

rs73885319

A: 44.19/26.58

1.00

OR (additive): 2.29 (1.39 to 3.77); p = 0.005

OR (dominant): 2.59 (1.34 to 5.00); p = 0.025

OR (recessive): 3.85 (1.31 to 11.36); p = 0.038

rs60910145

G: 50.00/30.13

0.114

OR (additive): 2.04 (1.32 to 3.17); p = 0.006

OR (dominant): 2.54 (1.31 to 4.92); p = 0.034

OR (recessive): 3.12 (1.35 to 7.20); p = 0.015

G2: rs71785313

D: 8.62/12.66

1.00

OR (additive): 0.61 (0.29 to 1.31); p = 0.701

OR (dominant): 0.64 (0.29 to 1.40); p = 0.816

OR (recessive): NS

G1: rs73885319 and rs60910145

44.19/26.92 (A-G haplotype)

OR (additive): 2.25 (1.36 to 3.71); p = 0.005

OR (dominant): 2.52 (1.30 to 4.88); p = 0.051

OR (recessive): 3.80 (1.29 to 11.22); p = 0.026

50.00/69.87 (G-T haplotype)

OR (additive): 0.49 (0.32 to 0.76); p = 0.005

OR (dominant): 0.32 (0.14 to 0.73); p = 0.018

OR (recessive): 0.40 (0.21 to 0.77); p = 0.031

MYH9 (22q12.3)

rs11912763

A: 38.51/27.22

1.00

OR (additive): 1.68 (1.02 to 2.76); p = 0.197

OR (dominant): 2.03 (1.06 to 3.87); p = 0.183

OR (recessive): 1.70 (0.58 to 4.94); p = 0.872

rs2032487

T: 18.39/26.28

0.770

OR (additive): 0.68 (0.40 to 1.16); p = 0.580

OR (dominant): 0.64 (0.33 to 1.23); p = 0.645

OR (recessive): 0.55 (0.14 to 2.22); p = 0.934

rs4821481

T: 18.39/26.58

0.777

OR (additive): 0.66 (0.39 to 1.13); p = 0.532

OR (dominant): 0.61 (0.32 to 1.18); p = 0.583

OR (recessive): 0.55 (0.14 to 2.24); p = 0.940

rs5750248

C: 25.86/36.08

1.00

OR (additive): 0.61 (0.37 to 0.99); p = 0.225

OR (dominant): 0.56 (0.29 to 1.05); p = 0.354

OR (recessive): 0.46 (0.15 to 1.41); p = 0.627

rs5750250

A: 26.16/37.97

0.635

OR (additive): 0.56 (0.34 to 0.94); p = 0.141

OR (dominant): 0.51 (0.27 to 0.97); p = 0.208

OR (recessive): 0.44 (0.14 to 1.38); p = 0.576

Ulasi et al. [30]

APOL1 (22q12.3)

G1: rs73885319 and rs60910145

G2: rs71785313

59/30

20/23

PCR-sequencing; PCR-RFLP

NS

Age

Gender

BMI

HIV

OR: 4.8 (1.6 to 14.9); p = 5.1E-03

CKD

Matsha et al. [28]

MYH9 (22q12.3)

rs5756152

G: 12.4 (overall)

PCR-sequencing; TaqMan genotyping assay

> 0.999

Age

Gender

Diabetes

ACR

OR (additive): − 2.3 (− 5.6 to 0.9); p = 0.16

OR (additive): 1.91 (− 1.32 to 5.15); p = 0.25

OR (additive): 1.83 (− 1.23 to 4.89); p = 0.24

OR (additive): − 1.6 (− 18.9 to 15.6); p = 0.85

Serum creatinine

eGFR(MDRD)

eGFR (CKD-EPI)

ACR

rs4821480

T: 30.3 (overall)

0.053

NS

rs12107

A: 22.2 (overall)

0.908

OR (additive): 0.4 (− 2.2 to 2.9); p = 0.78

OR (additive): − 0.07 (− 2.61 to 2.46); p = 0.95

OR (additive): 0.13 (− 2.27 to 2.54); p = 0.91

OR (additive): 1.0 (− 12.6 to 14.5); p = 0.90

Serum creatinine

eGFR(MDRD)

eGFR (CKD-EPI)

ACR

Matsha et al. [27]

APOL1

(22q12.3)

rs73885319

G: 3.6 (overall)

PCR-sequencing;

TaqMan

genotyping assay

0.150

Age

Gender

Diabetes

Hypertension

OR (additive): -0.018 (-0.069 to 0.0034); p=0.503

OR (dominant): -0.026 (-0.080 to 0.028); p=0.341

OR (recessive): 0.191 (-0.094 to 0.478); p=0.189

Serum creatinine

OR (additive): 0.99 (-4.42 to 6.40); p=0.720

OR (dominant): 1.75 (-9.93 to 7.44); p=0.546

OR (recessive): -18.54 (-48.59 to 11.51); p=0.227

eGFR(MDRD)

OR (additive): 2.07 (-2.40 to 6.55); p=0.364

OR (dominant): 2.96 (-1.74 to 7.66); p=0.217

OR (recessive): -18.90 (-43.76 to 5.96); p=0.136

eGFR (CKD-EPI)

OR (additive): 0.76 (0.27 to 2.16); p=0.601

OR (dominant): 0.56 (0.18 to 1.79); p=0.307

OR (recessive): 23.47 (0.92 to 599.29); p=0.074

CKD (MDRD)

OR (additive): 1.08 (0.38 to 3.03); p=0.887

OR (dominant): 0.81 (0.26 to 2.54); p=0.720

OR (recessive): 42.72 (1.22 to ∞); p=0.047

CKD (CKD-EPI)

OR (additive): -0.126 (-0.446 to 0.195); p=0.442

OR (dominant): -0.096 (-0.436 to 0.245); p=0.583

OR (recessive): -1.02 (-2.62 to 0.57); p=0.210

ACR

rs60919145

G: 3.4 (overall)

0.127

OR (additive): -0.020 (-0.072 to 0.033); p=0.466

OR (dominant): -0.029 (-0.084 to 0.026); p=0.307

OR (recessive): 0.192 (-0.094 to 0.478); p=0.289

Serum creatinine

OR (additive): 1.26 (-4.27 to 6.79); p=0.656

OR (dominant): 2.09 (-3.73 to 7.91); p=0.482

OR (recessive): -18.54 (-48.59 to 11.51); p=0.227

eGFR(MDRD)

OR (additive): 2.28 (-2.29 to 6.86); p=0.328

OR (dominant): 3.24 (-1.57 to 8.06); p=0.187

OR (recessive): -18.90 (-43.76 to 5.96); p=0.136

eGFR (CKD-EPI)

OR (additive): 0.80 (0.28 to 2.27); p=0.665

OR (dominant): 0.59 (0.18 to 1.89); p=0.350

OR (recessive): 23.47 (0.92 to 599.29); p=0.074

CKD (MDRD)

OR (additive): 1.12 (0.39 to 3.16); p=0.836

OR (dominant): 0.84 (0.27 to 2.65); p=0.767

OR (recessive): 42.72 (1.22 to ∞); p=0.047

CKD (CKD-EPI)

OR (additive): -0.178 (-0.504 to 0.147); p=0.283

OR (dominant): -0.154 (-0.502 to 0.193); p=0.384

OR (recessive): -1.02 (-2.62 to 0.57); p=0.210

ACR

rs71785313

Del: 5.8 (overall)

0.420

OR (additive): 0.019 (-0.022 to 0.060); p=0.367

OR (dominant): -0.020 (-0.024 to 0.064); p=0.382

OR (recessive): 0.038 (-0.144 to 0.219); p=0.684

Serum creatinine

OR (additive): -2.38 (-6.68 to 1.93); p=0.323

OR (dominant): -2.35 (-6.99 to 2.30); p=0.323

OR (recessive): -7.16 (-26.19 to 11.87); p=0.461

eGFR(MDRD)

OR (additive): -2.91 (-6.46 to 0.65); p=0.110

OR (dominant): -3.03 (-6.88 to 0.81); p=0.123

OR (recessive): -5.99 (-21.74 to 9.76); p=0.456

eGFR (CKD-EPI)

OR (additive): 0.86 (0.39 to 1.93); p=0.712

OR (dominant): 0.91 (0.38 to 2.14); p=0.823

OR (recessive): 0.0

CKD (MDRD)

OR (additive): 1.00 (0.42 to 2.34); p=0.993

OR (dominant): 1.07 (0.43 to 2.66); p=0.890

OR (recessive): 0.0

CKD (CKD-EPI)

OR (additive): 0.035 (-0.207 to 0.277); p=0.777

OR (dominant): 0.050 (-0.214 to 0.314); p=0.710

OR (recessive): -1.123 (-1.134 to 0.888); p=0.811

ACR

Lahrach et al. [21]

apoE

(19q13.32)

e2 (rs7412-T,

rs429358-T)

3.0/6.0

PCR-sequencing;

gelelectrophoresis

NS

None

OR (NS): 0.473 (0.181 to 1.235); p=0.093

ESRD

e3 (rs7412-C,

rs429358-T

73.0/82.0

(Reference)

Reference group

e4 (rs7412-C,

rs429358-C)

24.0/12.0

OR (NS): 0.491 (0.277 to 0.870); p=0.009 (UA)

Hanna et al. [19]

AT1R (3q24)

A1166C

C: 86.0/83.0

PCR-RFLP

NS

Age

Gender

HR (NS): 1.254 (0.658 to 2.389); p=0.491

ESRD

Kerkeni et al. [20]

eNOS

(7q36.1)

G894T (exon7)

T: 27.0/22.1

PCR-RFLP

Satisfied

HWE (p-value

NS)

Age

Gender

Smoking

Hypertension

Dyslipidaemia

Cholesterol

Homocysteine

MTHFR C677T

eNOS G894T

EE not reported; p=0.028 (difference in allele

frequency)

CKD

Elshamaa et al. [18]

eNOS

(7q36.1)

4a (intron4)

CT and MHD/controls: 32.8 and 33.7/22.7

CT and MHD/controls: 67.2 and 66.3/78.3

PCR-sequencing;

gelelectrophoresis

Satisfied

HWE (p-value

NE)

Age

Hypertension

SBP

DBP

Serum NO

EE not reported; p<0.05 (patient groups vs control)

Advanced CKD

(ESRD)

Radwan et al. [22]

XPD (9)

Asp312Asn

Asn: 35.0/36.0

PCR-RFLP

Satisfied

HWE (p-value

NE)

NS

OR (NS): 0.93 (0.53 to 1.64); p=0.93

ESRD

Lys751Gln

Gln: 37.0/37.0

OR (NS): 0.98 (0.55 to 1.74); p=0.94

XRCC1 (NS)

Arg399Gln

Gln: 34.0/19.0

OR (NS): 2.48 (1.36 to 4.52); p=0.002

Rezk et al. [23]

Renalase

(10q23.21)

rs2296545

C: 28.7/16.3

C: 29.4/16.3

(hypertensive

CKD/controls)

PCR-RFLP

Satisfied

HWE (p-value

NE)

NS

OR: 2.14 (1.07 to 4.26); p=0.04

OR: 2.10 (1.07 to 4.26); p=0.041 (hypertensive

CKD/controls)

CKD

Hypertensive CKD

Abdallah et al. [26]

Renalase

(10q23.21)

rs2576178

G: 56/16

PCR-sequencing;

gelelectrophoresis

NS

NS

OR: 7.188 (3.5 to 14.7); p<0.05

ESRD

rs10887800

G: 26/12

OR: 12.3 (5.6 to 27.1); p<0.05

Elshamaa et al. [25]

ADIPOQ

(3q27.3)

rs1501299G>T;

T: 18.6/10.7

T (CT/MHD):

15.6/20.7

PCR-sequencing;

gelelectrophoresis

Satisfied

HWE (p-value

NE)

NS

p=0.04 (TT genotype distribution between cases and controls)

Advanced CKD

(ESRD)

rs2241766T>G

G: 0.0/0.0

G (CT/MHD):

0.0/0.0

Elhelbawy et al. [24]

CCR2

(3q21.31)

G190A

G: 75.7/90.0

A: 24.3/10.0

PCR-RFLP

NS

NS

OR: 2.8 (1.40 to 5.51); p<0.05

OR: 4.1 (1.27 to 13.03); p<0.05

OR: 2.9 (1.14 to 7.3); p<0.05

CKD