Table 1 Clinical characteristics in statin-treated or untreated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus according to PON1 genotype
Statin (−) | Statin (+) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PON1 Q192R genotype | QR | RR | P value | QR | RR | P value | ||
N = 249, 11.7% | N = 887, 41.8% | N = 984, 46.4% | N = 179, 10.7% | N = 767, 45.7% | N = 732, 43.6% | |||
Male, n (%) | 167 (67.1) | 573 (64.6) | 648 (65.9) | 0.73 | 78 (43.6) | 371 (48.4) | 333 (45.5) | 0.37 |
Age, years | 65.2 ± 10.6 | 64.8 ± 10.8 | 64.7 ± 10.6 | 0.83 | 66.1 ± 9.6 | 66.1 ± 9.4 | 65.9 ± 9.7 | 0.91 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 23.8 ± 3.5 | 23.8 ± 3.5 | 24.0 ± 3.9 | 0.28 | 24.5 ± 4.1 | 24.3 ± 3.8 | 24.4 ± 3.5 | 0.84 |
Duration of diabetes, years | 13.8 ± 10.7 | 14.4 ± 10.2 | 14.4 ± 10.3 | 0.68 | 14.3 ± 10.1 | 14.6 ± 9.7 | 15.4 ± 9.9 | 0.17 |
Current smoker, n (%) | 52 (20.9) | 182 (20.5) | 212 (21.5) | 0.86 | 27 (15.1) | 96 (12.5) | 113 (15.4) | 0.24 |
Current drinker, n (%) | 118 (47.4) | 398 (44.9) | 430 (43.7) | 0.57 | 57 (31.8) | 244 (31.8) | 247 (33.7) | 0.71 |
Leisure-time physical activity, METs·h/w | 18.9 ± 17.5 | 19.2 ± 19.2 | 18.6 ± 17.9 | 0.81 | 16.4 ± 18.5 | 18.4 ± 17.5 | 18.9 ± 18.7 | 0.25 |
Family history of diabetes, n (%) | 132 (53.0) | 491 (55.4) | 525 (53.4) | 0.64 | 98 (54.8) | 446 (58.2) | 400 (54.6) | 0.36 |
Past history of CVD, n (%) | 47 (18.9) | 169 (19.1) | 187 (19.0) | 1.00 | 58 (32.4) | 232 (30.3) | 223 (30.5) | 0.85 |
HDL cholesterol, mmol/l | 1.41 ± 0.37 | 1.43 ± 0.37 | 1.41 ± 0.38 | 0.55 | 1.49 ± 0.36 | 1.46 ± 0.38 | 1.45 ± 0.36 | 0.40 |
LDL cholesterol, mmol/l | 2.99 ± 0.75 | 3.03 ± 0.71 | 3.02 ± 0.75 | 0.77 | 2.75 ± 0.68 | 2.70 ± 0.61 | 2.69 ± 0.62 | 0.52 |
OHA, n (%) | 144 (57.8) | 587 (66.2) | 645 (65.6) | 0.043 | 124 (69.3) | 540 (70.4) | 525 (71.7) | 0.76 |
Sulfonylurea, n (%) | 91 (36.6) | 397 (44.8) | 423 (43.0) | 0.07 | 77 (43.0) | 390 (50.9) | 362 (49.5) | 0.17 |
Biguanide, n (%) | 69 (27.7) | 291 (32.8) | 346 (35.2) | 0.08 | 73 (40.8) | 287 (37.4) | 291 (39.8) | 0.55 |
α-GI, n (%) | 32 (12.9) | 105 (11.8) | 91 (9.3) | 0.10 | 25 (14.0) | 109 (14.2) | 91 (12.4) | 0.58 |
Thiazolidine, n (%) | 20 (8.0) | 111 (12.5) | 114 (11.6) | 0.15 | 36 (20.1) | 148 (19.3) | 112 (15.3) | 0.08 |
Glinide, n (%) | 16 (6.4) | 60 (6.8) | 58 (5.9) | 0.74 | 7 (3.9) | 47 (6.1) | 41 (5.6) | 0.51 |
DPP4-I, n (%) | 0 (0) | 4 (0.5) | 6 (0.6) | 0.45 | 1 (0.56) | 2 (0.26) | 2 (0.27) | 0.64 |
Insulin, n (%) | 57 (22.9) | 178 (20.1) | 200 (20.3) | 0.61 | 39 (21.8) | 145 (18.9) | 154 (21.0) | 0.50 |