Allelic variants in vitamin D receptor gene are associated with adiposity measures in the central-European population

Table 1 Basic anthropometric and demographic characteristics of the study subjects

Parameter	Unit	All	Females		Males		p-value*
			Non-obese	Obese	Non-obese	Obese
		882	281	369	90	142
Height	cm	167.8 ± 8.9	165.6 ± 6.8^abc	163.6 ± 6.9^ade	177.8 ± 7.3^bd	176.9 ± 6.6^ce	<0.001
Weight	kg	89.8 ± 22.2	68.9 ± 10.3^abc	98.4 ± 16.9^ade	82.2 ± 10.5^bdf	113.8 ± 18.9^cef	<0.001
BMI	kg/m²	31.9 ± 7.4	25.1 ± 3.4^ab	36.7 ± 5.8^ac	26.0 ± 2.6^cd	36.4 ± 5.6^bd	<0.001
Age	years	48.3 ± 14.2	43.0 ± 14.9^ab	52.7 ± 12.1^acd	44.3 ± 15.8^ce	49.9 ± 12.8^bde	<0.001
Skinfold thickness (tricipital)	mm	25.1 ± 8.0	20.6 ± 5.6^abc	30.4 ± 5.9^ade	16.4 ± 6.2^bdf	23.6 ± 7.6^cef	<0.001
Skinfold thickness (bicipital)	mm	18.4 ± 8.0	13.7 ± 5.1^abc	23.3 ± 7.0^ade	10.9 ± 5.7^bdf	17.9 ± 7.3^cef	<0.001
Skinfold thickness (supraspinal)	mm	22.8 ± 9.1	16.8 ± 5.9^ab	27.5 ± 8.0^acd	15.5 ± 6.0^ce	25.4 ± 9.5^bde	<0.001
Skinfold thickness (subscapular)	mm	25.7 ± 9.7	18.2 ± 6.3^ab	30.7 ± 8.3^ac	18.6 ± 6.6^cd	29.8 ± 8.3^bd	<0.001
Skinfold thickness (sum of all)	mm	91.5 ± 30.0	69.1 ± 18.9^abc	111.6 ± 22.9^ade	61.4 ± 20.3^bdf	95.9 ± 25.2^cef	<0.001
Body fat	%	37.1 ± 10.4	32.2 ± 7.3^abc	45.8 ± 5.6^ade	21.4 ± 6.0^bdf	33.9 ± 6.5^cef	<0.001
Body water	%	46.4 ± 6.9	49. 6 ± 5.0^ab	40.8 ± 3.8^acd	56.4 ± 4.6^bce	48.4 ± 4.5^de	<0.001
Waist circumference	cm	101.8 ± 18.6	82.4 ± 10.5^abc	109.5 ± 12.9^ade	93.7 ± 9.6^bdf	119.4 ± 13.7^cef	<0.001
Hip circumference	cm	113.3 ± 13.9	101.8 ± 7.4^ab	122.4 ± 12.5^acd	102.0 ± 5.5^ce	117.3 ± 10.4^bde	<0.001
Waist–hip ratio	---	0.90 ± 0.10	0.81 ± 0.08^abc	0.90 ± 0.08^ade	0.92 ± 0.07^bdf	1.02 ± 0.06^cef	<0.001

For a given variable, each pair of superscript letters (a, b, c, d, e, f) appearing in two diffefent groups (e.g. letter a in non-obese female and obese female group) mean statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in levels of the variable between these groups in post-hoc test, * p-value for comparison between obese and non-obese individuals

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