Table 1 Characteristics of the study subjects

Age (years)

54.4 ± 6.5

53.7 ± 5.1

0.12

BMI (kg/m²)

25.0 ± 3.6

23.1 ± 2.6

<0.0001

Glucose (mg/dl)^*

155.0 ± 43.2

91.8 ± 4.9

<0.0001

HbA1c (%)

7.7 ± 1.57

5.4 ± 0.34

<0.0001

SBP (mmHg)

126.3 ± 15.6

120.5 ± 16.2

<0.0001

DBP (mmHg)

79.9 ± 11.0

76.8 ± 12.0

0.0002

Total-cholesterol (mg/dl)

212.5 ± 34.7

210.2 ± 31.7

0.33

LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)

130.8 ± 29.9

129.5 ± 29.9

0.55

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)

54.0 ± 15.9

58.4 ± 16.4

0.0001

Triglyceride (mg/dl)^*

161.8 ± 145.0

136.3 ± 112.8

0.0001

Obesity/Overweight (BMI ≥ 25) (%)

45.0

23.2

<0.0001

Current smoker (%)

43.7

41.8

0.61