Fig. 4
From: The importance of distinguishing between the odds ratio and the incidence rate ratio in GWAS
The p-value for the associations. Four scenarios are displayed: two different diseases (one rare and one common) and two different parameter settings for the likelihood of developing the disease as in Fig. 3. The probability of being diseased at age 90, i.e. the cumulative incidence rate of disease, is as follows for the four figures. a: 21.8 %, b: 2.3 %, c: 22.9 % and d: 2.6 %. Each subfigure is a QQ-plot of the two p-values of the hypothesis of no association, one generated under the classical case-control study and the other generated under the matched case-control study for each of the true IRR of disease and the RR of death. The results from the parameter configurations where both p-values equal 0 are not displayed. The black solid line indicates the diagonal