Table 8 Known effects of the genes and polymorphisms involved in susceptibility for T2DM only (with the false discovery rate of 0.125), with focus on parameters that are directly related to insulin resistance and T2DM.
Gene | Gene or Chromosomal area was implicated in: | Variation | Polymorphism was implicated in: |
|---|---|---|---|
ADRB2 5q32-34 | • Susceptibility to DM2 [26], also in interaction with chromosome 10q23.3 [27]. | Gln27Glu | • Independent contributor in the development of type 2 DM [28] |
CBS 21q22.3 | • Hyperhomocysteinemia [16] which, in turn, is related to diabetic nephropathy [17]. | Ile278Thr | • Homocysteinuria [18]. |
APOA4 11q23 | • Contained in the same region as Apo C-III | Thr347Ser | • Plasma glucose in women [24]. |
APOC3 11q23 | • Well-known diabetes region [21]. | C1100T |  |
|  | • APOC3(C-482T) was associated with fasting insulin [22] and in interaction with LIPC -514 C>T also on glucose tolerance [23] |  |  |
APOB 2p24 |  | Thr71Ile | • Interaction between ApoB(Thr71Ile and glucose tolerance on lipid parameters [19] |
GNB3 12p13 | • Age-of-onset of DM2 [29]. | C825T | • Implicated as independent contributor in development of DM2 [30] |
|  |  |  | • Insulin resistance [31]. |
|  |  |  | • Insulin-mediated vasodilation [32]. |
APOB 2p24 |  | Thr71Ile | • Interaction between ApoB(Thr71Ile and glucose tolerance on lipid parameters [19] |
CETP 16q21 | • CETP (Intron 1 TaqIB +/-) appeared to help significantly in identification of DM2 [33] | Ile405Val |  |
|  | • In our present study, CETP (Intron Taq1B+/-) was in LD with a.o. CETP(C-630A) and (Ile405Val). |  |  |
SELE 1q23-25 | • Chromosomal area was implicated in the metabolic syndrome [34]. | Leu554Phe |  |
ITGA2 5q23-31 | • The ITGA2 C807T polymorphism may be associated with an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy [35] | G873A | • Risk factor for retinal vein occlusion [36]. |