Table 7 Known effects of the genes and polymorphisms involved in susceptibility for disturbed glucose metabolism (i.e. subjects who were IGM or who had T2DM, with the false discovery rate of 0.125), with focus on parameters that are directly related to an insulin resistance and T2DM.
Gene | Gene or Chromosomal area was implicated in: | Variation | Polymorphism was implicated in: |
|---|---|---|---|
LPA 6q27 | • The metabolic syndrome [15] which is characterised by insulin resistance | G121A |  |
CBS 21q22.3 | • Hyperhomocysteinemia [16] which, in turn, is related to diabetic nephropathy [17]. | Ile278Thr | • Homocysteinuria [18]. |
APOB 2p24 |  | Thr71Ile | • Interaction between ApoB (Thr71Ile) and glucose tolerance on lipid parameters [19] |
SCNN1A 12p13 | • Same chromosomal region as GNB3 | Thr663Ala | • SCNN1A(Thr663Ala) was associated with fasting insulin levels, even after correction for BMI [20]. |
APOC3 11q23 | • Well-known diabetes region [21]. | C-641A |  |
|  | • APOC3(C-482T) was associated with fasting insulin [22] and in interaction with LIPC -514 C>T also on glucose tolerance [23]. |  |  |
APOA4 11q23 | • Contained in the same region as Apo C-III | Gln360His | • Plasma glucose in women [24]. |
APOC3 11q23 | • Well-known diabetes region [21]. | C1100T |  |
|  | • APOC3(C-482T) was associated with fasting insulin [22] and in interaction with LIPC -514 C>T also on glucose tolerance [23] |  |  |
F7 13q34 | • Chromosomal area implicated in the insulin-response-to-glucose in DM2 [25]. | -323 10-bp Ins/Del |  |