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Table 1 Echocardiographic, exercise testing and brachial artery function traits analyzed in participants with 100K genotype data

From: Genome-wide association of echocardiographic dimensions, brachial artery endothelial function and treadmill exercise responses in the Framingham Heart Study

Trait

Number of Traits*

Offspring Exam cycles

Adjustment†

Heritability

A. Echocardiographic Traits Averaged Across 4 Examinations

LV mass (LVM)

10

2,4,5,6

- age- and sex-

- multivariable-**

0.36

LV diastolic dimension (LVDD)

10

2,4,5,6

 

0.38

LV systolic dimension (LVDS)

10

2,4,5,6

 

0.30

LV wall thickness (LVWT)

10

2,4,5,6

 

0.41

LV fractional shortening (LVFS)

10

2,4,5,6

 

0.20

Left atrial diameter (LAD)

10

2,4,5,6

 

0.25

Aortic root diameter (AOR)

10

2,4,5,6

 

0.52

B. Exercise Treadmill Test (ETT) Traits

Stage 2 Exercise systolic blood pressure (SBP)

2

2

- age- and sex-

- multivariable-**

0.28

Stage 2 Exercise diastolic blood pressure (DBP)

2

2

 

0.22

Stage 2 Exercise heart rate

2

2

 

0.25

Post-exercise 3 minute recovery SBP

2

2

 

0.20

Post-exercise 3 minute recovery DBP

2

2

 

0.16

Post-exercise 3 minute recovery heart rate

2

2

 

0.40

C. Brachial Artery (BA) Endothelial Function Traits

Baseline BA diameter

2

7

- age- and sex-

- multivariable-**

0.25

Baseline BA flow velocity

2

7

 

0.32

BA flow-mediated dilation (FMD) percent

2

7

 

0.19

BA hyperemic flow velocity

2

7

 

0.06

  1. BA = brachial artery. LV = left ventricular. SBP = systolic blood pressure. DBP = diastolic blood pressure.
  2. * For Echo traits, the phenotypes listed include those based on averaged values across 4 examinations. Overall, the number of Echo phenotypes includes individual traits at each exam (× 2 for two levels of adjustment in models) plus the averaged traits across 4 exams (× 2 for two levels of adjustment in models) listed above. For ETT and BA traits, the number of individual traits includes traits at single exams (× 2 for two levels of adjustment in models).
  3. **covariates in multivariable models include:
  4. For Echo phenotypes: age, sex, height, weight, smoking, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, hypertension treatment.
  5. For ETT phenotypes: age, sex, BMI, diabetes, current smoking, baseline heart rate, hypertension treatment, total/HDL cholesterol. Additional adjustments were ETT phenotype-specific: Exercise SBP was also adjusted for systolic BP at rest; exercise DBP for diastolic BP at rest; exercise heart rate for heart rate at rest; Recovery SBP for systolic BP at rest, systolic BP during second stage of exercise, and peak systolic BP during exercise; Recovery DBP for diastolic BP at rest, diastolic BP during second stage of exercise, and peak diastolic BP during exercise; and recovery heart rate for heart rate at rest, during second stage of exercise, and peak heart rate during exercise.
  6. For BA phenotypes: age, sex, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, heart rate, diabetes, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, prevalent cardiovascular disease, hormone replacement therapy use, walk test before and after BA test, Total/HDL cholesterol, smoking within 6 hrs of BA test, hypertension, lipid-lowering treatment use.