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Table 1 Structural (Volumetric MRI) and Functional (Cognitive Testing) Brain Aging Phenotypes

From: Genetic correlates of brain aging on MRI and cognitive test measures: a genome-wide association and linkage analysis in the Framingham study

   

Exam cycle

 

Phenotypic Trait (Abbreviated Variable Name)

Number of traits

N

Original Cohort (Exam 26)

Offspring Cohort (Exam 7)

Covariates Used to Create Multivariable-Adjusted Residuals

Volumetric Brain MRI*

Total Cerebral Brain Volume (ATCBV)

1

705

Original Cohort & Offspring data are pooled

Age, age-squared, sex, current smoking status, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, anti-hypertensive drugs, atrial fibrillation, EKG-LVH at Offspring examination 7 and Original cohort 26; data from sex-specific regressions pooled.

Frontal Brain volume (AFBV)

1

705

   

Parietal Brain Volume (APBV)

1

705

   

Occipital Brain Volume (AOBV)

1

705

   

Temporal Brain volume (ATBV)

1

705

   

Hippocampal Volume (AHPV)

1

327

   

Lateral Ventricular Volume (ALVV)†

1

705

   

Temporal Horn Volume (LTHBV)†

1

705

   

White Matter Hyperintensity Volume (BMRIZLWMHVMV) [Age-, sex-specific Z-score of log-normalized white matter hyperintensity volume]

1

705

  

Current smoking status, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, anti-hypertensive drugs, atrial fibrillation, EKG-LVH at Offspring examination 7 and Original cohort 26; data from sex-specific regressions pooled.

Cognitive Test Performance

Factor 1:Verbal Memory (F1)

1

694

Original cohort and Offspring data are pooled

Birth cohort by decade, education, Framingham Stroke Risk Profile score, plasma homocysteine concentrations (at the 20th Original cohort and the 6th Offspring examinations), apolipoprotein E genotype (ε4 +ve/-ve); data from sex-specific regressions were pooled.

Factor 2:Visual Memory and Organization (F2)

1

694

   

Factor 3: Measure of attention and executive function-Trails A and B (F3)

1

694

   

Boston Naming Test (Nam)

1

694

   

Similarities (Sim)

1

694

   

Wide-Range Achievement Test (WRAT)

1

694

   
  1. *All MRI volumes were expressed as a ratio of total intracranial volume (TCV), trait names used in this table correspond to trait names posted at the website; an 'A' preceding the trait name refers to the multivariable adjusted residual.
  2. † Log-normalized values of these traits were used. Website http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gap/cgi-bin/study.cgi?id=phs000007.