Table 5 Associated phenotypes described for 13 candidate genes present on the heart rate QTL, mapped on SHR chromosome 8.

Chrna3

Chrna5

Chrnb4

Cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3 and 5, and beta polypeptide 4

- Autonomic nervous system influence on heart rate;

- Alzheimer's disease;

- Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy.

Bonati et al., 2000 [46]

Bonati et al., 2002 [47]

Duga et al., 2001 [43]

Kawamata et al., 2002 [48]

Lev-Lehman et al., 2001 [44]

Liang Y 2005 [49]

Rassadi, S 2005 [50]

Rempel et al., 1998 [45]

Wang et al., 2002 [51]

Wang et al., 2003 [52]

Hcn4

Hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide – gated K⁺ 4

- Familial sinus bradycardia;

- Generation of pacemaker potentials in the sinoatrial node;

- Cardiac arrhythmia.

Leoni et al., 2005 [53]

Milanesi et al., 2006 [42]

Schulze-Bahr et al., 2003 [54]

Stieber et al., 2006 [55]

Stieber et al., 2003 [40]

Ueda et al., 2004 [41]

Htr3a

Htr3b

5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 3a and 3b

- Modulatory role in the reflex control of the heart rate by cardiopulmonary receptors;

- Nausea induced by paroxetine;

- Fibromyalgia;

- Numerous human neuropsychiatric disorders (female major depression, bipolar affective and schizophrenic).

Aviado et al., 2001 [56]

Frank et al., 2004 [57]

Yamada et al., 2006 [58]

Iidaka et al., 2005 [59]

Niesler et al., 2001 [60]

Sevoz et al., 1997 [61]

Sugai et al., 2006 [62]

Thoren, 1979 [63]

Whalen et al., 2000 [64]

Scn2b

Sodium channel, voltage-gated, type II, beta polypeptide

- Essential hypertension;

- Liddle's syndrome;

- Idiopathic generalized epilepsy;

- Neuropathic pain;

- Cell adhesion and migration;

- Chronic Heart Failure.

Baker et al., 1998 [65]

Botero-Velez et al., 1994 [66]

Dong et al., 2002 [67]

Haug et al., 2000 [68]

Kim et al., 2005 [69]

Pegoraro RJ et al., 2004 [70]

Pertin et al., 2005 [71]

Schild et al., 1996 [72]

Snyder et al., 1995 [73]

Su et al., 1996 [74]

Rayner et al., 2003 [75]

Zicha S et al., 2004 [76]