Table 1 Clinical characteristics by study groups
| Â | Type I diabetes | Type I diabetes | Type I diabetes | Type I diabetes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | subjects | subjects | subjects | subjects |
| Â | with | without | with | without |
| Â | nephropathy | nephropathy | retinopathy | retinopathy |
| Â | (DN+) | (DN-) | (DR+) | (DR-) |
Total subjects | 74 | 92 | 76 | 96 |
Age (years) | 25.1 ± 11.9 | 20.8 ± 8.7 | 29.8 ± 10.1 | 22.9 ± 9.1 |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â |
(male/female) | 40/34 | 40/52 | 34/42 | 50/46 |
Diabetes | Â | Â | Â | Â |
duration | 14.8 ± 8.8 | 10.9 ± 4.3 | 17.4 ± 8.6 | 11.2 ± 3.1 |
(years) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Diabetes onset | Â | Â | Â | Â |
(years) | 11.1 ± 6.2 | 10.3 ± 6.8 | 12.2 ± 8.1 | 11.5 ± 5.2 |
HbA1c(%) | 10.5 ± 2.2 | 9.8 ± 1.9 | 10.6 ± 1.7 | 9.9 ± 1.7 |