Author | Year | Polymorphism | Type of DM | Ethnicity | Cases/controls (n) | Criteria | Male/female (%) | Age | DM duration (years) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ahluwalia et al. [21] | 2008 | G894T, 4a/b, T-786C | 2 | East Asians | Case (195) | Overt proteinuria | 35/65 | 60.0 ± 6.15 | 16.5 ± 6.3 |
Control (255) | Normoalbuminuria | 41/59 | 60.5 ± 5.7 | 15.6 ± 5.2 | |||||
Bessa et al. [22] | 2011 | G894T | 2 | African | Case (40) | Albuminuria > 30 mg/24 h | 21/19 | 58.8 ± 12.5 | 19.4 ± 4.2 |
Control (40) | Albuminuria < 30 mg/24 h | 17/23 | 55.4 ± 8.8 | 15.3 ± 3.7 | |||||
Cai et al. [23] | 1998 | G894T | 2 | Whites | Case (116) | Microalbuminuria | NA | NA | NA |
Control (284) | Normoalbuminuria | NA | NA | NA | |||||
Degen et al. [24] | 2001 | 4a/b | 1and 2 | Whites | Case (207) | AER >30 mg/24 h | NA | NA | >10 yrs |
Control (418) | AER <30 mg/24 h | NA | NA | >10 yrs | |||||
Ezzidi et al. [10] | 2008 | G894T, 4a/b, T-786C | 2 | African | Case (515) | AER >30 mg/24 h | 46/54 | 59.6 ± 10.8 | 13.5 ± 6.3 |
Control (402) | AER <30 mg/24 h | 42/58 | 59.1 ± 11.2 | 11.5 ± 6.2 | |||||
Fujita et al. [25] | 2000 | 4a/b | 2 | East Asians | Case (102) | AER >200 mcg/min | 60/40 | 61.0 ± 21.0 | NA |
Control (65) | AER <20 mcg/min | 46/54 | 62.0 ± 10.0 | NA | |||||
Ksiasek et al. [13] | 2003 | 4a/b | 2 | Whites | Case (178) | With DN | 48/52 | 57.9 ± 8.2 | 8.7 ± 3.1 |
Control (232) | Without DN | 51/49 | 58.3 ± 6.8 | 8.0 ± 2.6 | |||||
Lin et al. [25] | 2002 | 4a/b | 2 | East Asians | Case (80) | With DN | NA | NA | NA |
Control (48) | Normoalbuminuria | NA | NA | NA | |||||
Mollsten et al. [26] | 2006 | G894T, 4a/b | 1 | Whites | Case (955) | AER >20 mcg/min | 58/42 | 40.3 ± 10.0 | 28 (5–65) |
Control (555) | AER <20 mcg/min + DM duration >20 yrs | 41/59 | 42.2 ± 10.2 | 28 (20–57) | |||||
Mollsten et al. [18] | 2009 | G894T | 1 | Whites | Case (458) | AER >300 mg/24 h | 39/61 | 42.0 ± 10.4 | 27 (7–65) |
Control (319) | AER <30 mg/24 h | 55/45 | 43.7 ± 11.0 | 23 (15–63) | |||||
Neuguebauer et al. [14] | 2000 | 4a/b | 2 | East Asians | Case 1 (104) | AER 20–200 mg/g Cr | 53/47 | 59.0 ± 11.1 | 13.8 ± 5.1 |
Case 2 (39) | AER >200 mg/g Cr | 74/26 | 59.0 ± 8.6 | 15.2 ± 4.5 | |||||
Control (82) | AER <20 mg/g Cr | 65/35 | 56.0 ± 8.6 | 13.3 ± 4.5 | |||||
Rahimi et al. [27] | 2012 | G894T | 2 | West Asians | Case 1 (68) | Albumin to creatinin ratio >300 mg/g | 33/35 | 57.1 ± 8.7 | 11.1 ± 6.4 |
Case 2 (72) | Albumin to creatinin ratio 30–299 mg/g | 23/46 | 55.3 ± 8.6 | 8.6 ± 5.2 | |||||
Control (72) | Albumin to creatinin ratio <30 mg/g | 23/49 | 54.4 ± 7.9 | 7.7 ± 5.4 | |||||
Rippin et al. [28] | 2003 | 4a/b | 1 | Whites | Case (464) | Overt proteinuria | NA | NA | NA |
Control (396) | Normoalbuminuria | NA | NA | NA | |||||
Santos et al. [29] | 2009 | G894T, 4a/b, T-786C | 2 | Whites | Case (376) | AER >20 mcg/min or >17 mg/dl | 57/43 | 60.4 ± 9.7 | 15.0 ± 9.1 |
Control (268) | AER <20 mcg/min or <17 mg/dl | 37/63 | 62.0 ± 9.4 | 16.7 ± 6.8 | |||||
Shestakova et al. [16] | 2006 | 4a/b | 1 | Whites | Case (63) | AER >300 mg/24 h | 47/53 | 25.7 ± 6.4 | 12.6 ± 2.8 |
Control (66) | AER <30 mg/24 h | 37/63 | 40.8 ± 10.2 | 26.8 ± 6.9 | |||||
Shimizu et al. [30] | 2002 | 4a/b | 2 | East Asian | Case 1 (107) | Overt proteinuria | 70/30 | 63.1 ± 10.6 | 15.5 ± 11.0 |
Case 2 (124) | Overt proteinuria + Cr >1.5 mg/dl | 75/25 | 65.1 ± 8.8 | 19.8 ± 7.8 | |||||
Control (203) | Normoalbuminuria > DM >10 yrs | 65/35 | 63.7 ± 8.8 | 18.6 ± 7.8 | |||||
Shin Shin et al. [31] | 2004 | G894T | 2 | East Asians | Case 1 (35) | Microalbuminuria | 46/54 | 62.9 ± 10.9 | 16 (12–20) |
Case 2 (83) | Overt proteinuria | 46/54 | 58.8 ± 9.7 | 16 (11–20) | |||||
Control (59) | Normoalbuminuric | 25/75 | 61.6 ± 11.7 | 12 (10–16) | |||||
Shoukry et al. [32] | 2012 | G894T, 4a/b, T-786C | 2 | African | Case | Albumin to creatinin ratio >300 mg/g | 108/92 | 55.3 ± 5.8 | 14.5 ± 4.3 |
Control | Albumin to creatinin ratio <30 mg/g | 116/84 | 54.6 ± 5.2 | 13.8 ± 3.2 | |||||
Tamemoto et al. [33] | 2008 | G894T | NA | East Asians | Case (124) | Microalbuminuria | NA | NA | NA |
Control (211) | Normoalbuminuria | NA | NA | NA | |||||
Taniwaki et al. [20] | 2001 | 4a/b | 2 | East Asians | Case 1 (44) | Microalbuminuria | 59/41 | 60.5 ± 8.5 | 10.9 ± 7.4 |
Case 2 (22) | Overt proteinuria | 68/32 | 59.0 ± 10.5 | 12.8 ± 6.5 | |||||
Case 3 (20) | Overt proteinuria + Cr >1.5 mg/dl | 50/50 | 64.2 ± 7.8 | 19.1 ± 9.7 | |||||
Control (69) | Normoalbuminuria | 59/41 | 60.1 ± 9.8 | 7.4 ± 4.5 | |||||
Tiwari et al. [19] | 2009 | G894T | 2 | South Asians | Case 1 (90) | DM >2 yrs + Cr >2 mg/dl from N India | 87/13 | 53.6 ± 11.0 | 9.6 ± 6.8 |
Case 2 (106) | DM >2 yrs + Cr >2 mg/dl from S India | 76/24 | 55.9 ± 11.5 | 14.0 ± 6.4 | |||||
Control 1 (75) | DM >10 yrs + Cr <2 mg/dl from N India | 53/47 | 61.0 ± 8.9 | 15.4 ± 8.1 | |||||
Control 2 (149) | DM >10 yrs + Cr <2 mg/dl from S India | 68/32 | 60.5 ± 11.4 | 15.5 ± 6.91 | |||||
Zanchi et al. [17] | 2000 | 4a/b, T-786C | 1 | Whites | Case 1 (74) | AER >200 mcg/mg | 42/58 | 35.5 ± 7.3 | 24.9 ± 9.0 |
Case 2 (78) | AER >200 mcg/mg + Cr >1.5 mg/dl | 49/51 | 35.7 ± 6.5 | 24.5 ± 6.8 | |||||
Control (195) | AER <20 mcg/mg + DM >15 yrs | 52/48 | 36.5 ± 7.6 | 23.7 ± 6.3 |