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Table 1 Baseline studies characteristics

From: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms and risk of diabetic nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Year

Polymorphism

Type of DM

Ethnicity

Cases/controls (n)

Criteria

Male/female (%)

Age

DM duration (years)

Ahluwalia et al. [21]

2008

G894T, 4a/b, T-786C

2

East Asians

Case (195)

Overt proteinuria

35/65

60.0 ± 6.15

16.5 ± 6.3

Control (255)

Normoalbuminuria

41/59

60.5 ± 5.7

15.6 ± 5.2

Bessa et al. [22]

2011

G894T

2

African

Case (40)

Albuminuria > 30 mg/24 h

21/19

58.8 ± 12.5

19.4 ± 4.2

Control (40)

Albuminuria < 30 mg/24 h

17/23

55.4 ± 8.8

15.3 ± 3.7

Cai et al. [23]

1998

G894T

2

Whites

Case (116)

Microalbuminuria

NA

NA

NA

Control (284)

Normoalbuminuria

NA

NA

NA

Degen et al. [24]

2001

4a/b

1and 2

Whites

Case (207)

AER >30 mg/24 h

NA

NA

>10 yrs

Control (418)

AER <30 mg/24 h

NA

NA

>10 yrs

Ezzidi et al. [10]

2008

G894T, 4a/b, T-786C

2

African

Case (515)

AER >30 mg/24 h

46/54

59.6 ± 10.8

13.5 ± 6.3

Control (402)

AER <30 mg/24 h

42/58

59.1 ± 11.2

11.5 ± 6.2

Fujita et al. [25]

2000

4a/b

2

East Asians

Case (102)

AER >200 mcg/min

60/40

61.0 ± 21.0

NA

Control (65)

AER <20 mcg/min

46/54

62.0 ± 10.0

NA

Ksiasek et al. [13]

2003

4a/b

2

Whites

Case (178)

With DN

48/52

57.9 ± 8.2

8.7 ± 3.1

Control (232)

Without DN

51/49

58.3 ± 6.8

8.0 ± 2.6

Lin et al. [25]

2002

4a/b

2

East Asians

Case (80)

With DN

NA

NA

NA

Control (48)

Normoalbuminuria

NA

NA

NA

Mollsten et al. [26]

2006

G894T, 4a/b

1

Whites

Case (955)

AER >20 mcg/min

58/42

40.3 ± 10.0

28 (5–65)

Control (555)

AER <20 mcg/min + DM duration >20 yrs

41/59

42.2 ± 10.2

28 (20–57)

Mollsten et al. [18]

2009

G894T

1

Whites

Case (458)

AER >300 mg/24 h

39/61

42.0 ± 10.4

27 (7–65)

Control (319)

AER <30 mg/24 h

55/45

43.7 ± 11.0

23 (15–63)

Neuguebauer et al. [14]

2000

4a/b

2

East Asians

Case 1 (104)

AER 20–200 mg/g Cr

53/47

59.0 ± 11.1

13.8 ± 5.1

Case 2 (39)

AER >200 mg/g Cr

74/26

59.0 ± 8.6

15.2 ± 4.5

Control (82)

AER <20 mg/g Cr

65/35

56.0 ± 8.6

13.3 ± 4.5

Rahimi et al. [27]

2012

G894T

2

West Asians

Case 1 (68)

Albumin to creatinin ratio >300 mg/g

33/35

57.1 ± 8.7

11.1 ± 6.4

Case 2 (72)

Albumin to creatinin ratio 30–299 mg/g

23/46

55.3 ± 8.6

8.6 ± 5.2

Control (72)

Albumin to creatinin ratio <30 mg/g

23/49

54.4 ± 7.9

7.7 ± 5.4

Rippin et al. [28]

2003

4a/b

1

Whites

Case (464)

Overt proteinuria

NA

NA

NA

Control (396)

Normoalbuminuria

NA

NA

NA

Santos et al. [29]

2009

G894T, 4a/b, T-786C

2

Whites

Case (376)

AER >20 mcg/min or >17 mg/dl

57/43

60.4 ± 9.7

15.0 ± 9.1

Control (268)

AER <20 mcg/min or <17 mg/dl

37/63

62.0 ± 9.4

16.7 ± 6.8

Shestakova et al. [16]

2006

4a/b

1

Whites

Case (63)

AER >300 mg/24 h

47/53

25.7 ± 6.4

12.6 ± 2.8

Control (66)

AER <30 mg/24 h

37/63

40.8 ± 10.2

26.8 ± 6.9

Shimizu et al. [30]

2002

4a/b

2

East Asian

Case 1 (107)

Overt proteinuria

70/30

63.1 ± 10.6

15.5 ± 11.0

Case 2 (124)

Overt proteinuria + Cr >1.5 mg/dl

75/25

65.1 ± 8.8

19.8 ± 7.8

Control (203)

Normoalbuminuria > DM >10 yrs

65/35

63.7 ± 8.8

18.6 ± 7.8

Shin Shin et al. [31]

2004

G894T

2

East Asians

Case 1 (35)

Microalbuminuria

46/54

62.9 ± 10.9

16 (12–20)

Case 2 (83)

Overt proteinuria

46/54

58.8 ± 9.7

16 (11–20)

Control (59)

Normoalbuminuric

25/75

61.6 ± 11.7

12 (10–16)

Shoukry et al. [32]

2012

G894T, 4a/b, T-786C

2

African

Case

Albumin to creatinin ratio >300 mg/g

108/92

55.3 ± 5.8

14.5 ± 4.3

Control

Albumin to creatinin ratio <30 mg/g

116/84

54.6 ± 5.2

13.8 ± 3.2

Tamemoto et al. [33]

2008

G894T

NA

East Asians

Case (124)

Microalbuminuria

NA

NA

NA

Control (211)

Normoalbuminuria

NA

NA

NA

Taniwaki et al. [20]

2001

4a/b

2

East Asians

Case 1 (44)

Microalbuminuria

59/41

60.5 ± 8.5

10.9 ± 7.4

Case 2 (22)

Overt proteinuria

68/32

59.0 ± 10.5

12.8 ± 6.5

Case 3 (20)

Overt proteinuria + Cr >1.5 mg/dl

50/50

64.2 ± 7.8

19.1 ± 9.7

Control (69)

Normoalbuminuria

59/41

60.1 ± 9.8

7.4 ± 4.5

Tiwari et al. [19]

2009

G894T

2

South Asians

Case 1 (90)

DM >2 yrs + Cr >2 mg/dl from N India

87/13

53.6 ± 11.0

9.6 ± 6.8

Case 2 (106)

DM >2 yrs + Cr >2 mg/dl from S India

76/24

55.9 ± 11.5

14.0 ± 6.4

Control 1 (75)

DM >10 yrs + Cr <2 mg/dl from N India

53/47

61.0 ± 8.9

15.4 ± 8.1

Control 2 (149)

DM >10 yrs + Cr <2 mg/dl from S India

68/32

60.5 ± 11.4

15.5 ± 6.91

Zanchi et al. [17]

2000

4a/b, T-786C

1

Whites

Case 1 (74)

AER >200 mcg/mg

42/58

35.5 ± 7.3

24.9 ± 9.0

Case 2 (78)

AER >200 mcg/mg + Cr >1.5 mg/dl

49/51

35.7 ± 6.5

24.5 ± 6.8

     

Control (195)

AER <20 mcg/mg + DM >15 yrs

52/48

36.5 ± 7.6

23.7 ± 6.3

  1. Where: AER : albumin excretion rate; DM: diabetes mellitus; DN: diabetic nephropathy; NA: not available; Cr: creatinine.