From: Coeliac disease and risk for other autoimmune diseases in patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome
WBS patients | Down patients | Turner patients | Healthy controls | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Subjects (n) | 46 | 57 | 32 | 176 |
Males: females | 16:30 | 21/36 | 32 | 67:109 |
Median age (yr) | 15.4 | 15.1 | 16.2 | 15.2 |
Familial occurrence of autoimmune diseases | 13% | - | - | 8.6% |
Confirmed coeliac disease | 2.2% | 10.5%*°° | 9.4%*§§ | 0.6% |
Gliadin IgG autoantibodies | 17.4%^^^ | 19.3%°°° | 15.6%§§§ | 5.1% |
Gliadin IgA autoantibodies | 2.2% | 12.3%**°° | 12.5%**§§ | 1.7% |
Endomysium autoantibodies | 2.2% | 10.5%*°° | 9.4%*§§ | 0.6% |
Tissue-transglutaminase autoantibodies | 2.2% | 12.3%**°° | 9.4%*§§ | 0.6% |
Thyroid autoantibodies | 0.0% | 10.5%***°° | 9.4%**§§ | 1.1% |
Thyroglobulin autoantibodies | 0.0% | 7.0%*° | 6.2%*§ | 1.1% |
Thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies | 0.0% | 10.5%***°° | 9.4%**§§ | 0.6% |
TSH receptor autoantibodies | 0.0% | 1.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Organ- and non-organ specific autoantibodies | 0.0% | 7.0%* | 9.3%*§ | 2.3% |
Insulin autoantibodies | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies | 0.0% | 1.75% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Tyrosine phosphatase 2 autoantibodies | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0,6% |
Islet cell autoantibodies | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Adrenal cortex autoantibodies | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Gastric parietal cell autoantibodies | 0.0% | 1.75% | 3.1% | 0.0% |
Antinuclear antibodies | 0.0% | 1.75% | 6.2%§§§ | 1.1% |
Smooth muscle autoantibodies | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.6% |
Phospholipid autoantibodies | 0.0% | 1.75% | 0.0% | 0.0% |