|
Biomarkers
|
AA
|
AG
|
GG
|
β (95% CI)
|
P
|
P
a
|
|---|
|
N
|
254
|
215
|
54
| | | |
|
Anthropometric factors
| |
|
Height (m)
|
1.39 ± 0.01
|
1.40 ± 0.01
|
1.39 ± 0.02
|
−0.001 (−0.01, 0.00)
|
0.613
|
0.107
|
|
Weight (kg)
|
46.8 ± 1.2
|
44.9 ± 1.3
|
42.6 ± 2.4
|
−2.44 (−4.35, -0.54)
|
0.012
|
0.130
|
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
23.70 ± 0.38
|
22.33 ± 0.42
|
21.48 ± 0.81
|
−1.27 (−2.05, -0.50)
|
0.001
|
--
|
|
BMI z-score
|
2.16 ± 0.14
|
1.61 ± 0.14
|
1.36 ± 0.30
|
−0.45 (−0.72, -0.17)
|
0.001
|
--
|
|
Waist circumference (cm)
|
74.74 ± 1.07
|
71.99 ± 1.18
|
71.10 ± 2.25
|
−1.70 (−4.63, 1.22)
|
0.254
|
0.534
|
|
Clinical and metabolic biomarkers
| |
|
Systolic BP (mm Hg)
|
106 ± 1
|
103 ± 1
|
104 ± 2
|
−1.74 (−3.69, 0.21)
|
0.080
|
0.758
|
|
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)
|
66 ± 1
|
64 ± 1
|
61 ± 1
|
−2.23 (−3.80, -0.65)
|
0.006
|
0.083
|
|
Glucose (mg/dl)
|
85 ± 0
|
84 ± 0
|
85 ± 1
|
−0.11 (−1.02, 0.80)
|
0.816
|
0.836
|
|
Insulin (mU/l)
|
9.52 ± 0.48
|
8.56 ± 0.48
|
8.17 ± 1.13
|
−0.05 (−0.09, -0.02)
|
0.003
|
0.153
|
|
HOMA-IR
|
2.02 ± 0.10
|
1.80 ± 0.11
|
1.79 ± 0.30
|
−0.05 (−0.09, -0.02)
|
0.003
|
0.153
|
|
Triacylglycerols (mg/dl)
|
68 ± 2
|
63 ± 2
|
66 ± 6
|
−2.33 (−6.52, 1.86)
|
0.276
|
0.995
|
|
ApoAI (mg/dl)
|
141 ± 2
|
137 ± 2
|
145 ± 4
|
0.15 (−3.40, 3.71)
|
0.932
|
0.330
|
|
Cholesterol (mg/dl)
|
166 ± 2
|
168 ± 2
|
172 ± 4
|
0.01 (−0.004, 0.02)
|
0.223
|
0.287
|
|
HDL-c (mg/dl)
|
57 ± 1
|
56 ± 1
|
58 ± 2
|
0.07 (−1.87, 2.01)
|
0.945
|
0.107
|
|
Adiponectin (mg/l)
|
25.46 ± 0.77
|
23.92 ± 0.73
|
27.90 ± 1.81
|
0.38 (−1.15, 1.91)
|
0.628
|
0.741
|
|
Resistin (μg/l)
|
11.34 ± 0.40
|
10.30 ± 0.33
|
10.37 ± 0.72
|
−0.68 (−1.42, 0.06)
|
0.074
|
0.227
|
|
Leptin (μg/l)
|
16.98 ± 1.02
|
12.57 ± 0.85
|
11.21 ± 1.70
|
−3.55 (−5.43, -1.66)
|
<0.001
|
0.041
|
|
Inflammatory biomarkers
| |
|
C-reactive protein (mg/l)
|
2.50 ± 0.26
|
2.26 ± 0.31
|
1.70 ± 0.30
|
−0.34 (−0.89, 0.20)
|
0.217
|
0.784
|
|
IL-6 (ng/l)
|
5.62 ± 0.64
|
6.56 ± 0.90
|
4.71 ± 0.91
|
0.09 (−1.36, 1.53)
|
0.905
|
0.705
|
|
IL-8 (ng/l)
|
1.94 ± 0.14
|
1.98 ± 0.17
|
1.57 ± 0.19
|
−0.10 (−0.39, 0.19)
|
0.495
|
0.804
|
|
TNFα (ng/l)
|
3.62 ± 0.14
|
3.51 ± 0.14
|
3.60 ± 0.27
|
−0.05 (−0.32, 0.22)
|
0.711
|
0.696
|
|
Cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers
| |
|
MMP-9 (μg/l)
|
82.62 ± 3.42
|
86.21 ± 4.14
|
84.12 ±8.05
|
0.01 (−0.03, 0.04)
|
0.764
|
0.754
|
|
MPO (μg/l)
|
19.19 ± 1.68
|
16.65 ± 1.44
|
16.55 ± 4.26
|
−1.63 (−4.94, 1.68)
|
0.336
|
0.712
|
|
sE-Selectin (μg/l)
|
28.19 ± 0.98
|
26.13 ± 1.08
|
26.61 ± 2.34
|
−1.09 (−3.13, 0.95)
|
0.296
|
0.924
|
|
sICAM-1 (mg/l)
|
0.165 ± 0.004
|
0.168 ± 0.005
|
0.155 ± 0.007
|
−0.002 (−0.01, 0.01)
|
0.605
|
0.923
|
|
Active PAI-1 (μg/l)
|
9.81 ± 0.62
|
8.45 ± 0.49
|
6.16 ± 0.63
|
−1.71 (−2.80, -0.62)
|
0.002
|
0.067
|
|
Total PAI-1 (μg/l)
|
24.74 ± 1.11
|
22.56 ± 1.16
|
20.66 ± 1.85
|
−0.04 (−0.08, 0.003)
|
0.073
|
0.350
|
- CI: Confidence Interval; BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; HDL-c: High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; IL: interleukin; TNFα: tumour necrosis factor alpha; MMP-9: matrix metalloproteinase-9; MPO: myeloperoxidase; sICAM-1: soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1; PAI-1: plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. β coefficients represent the change in absolute traits values of each additional risk allele. General linear models were used to examine associations, P adjusted by age and sex, Pa adjusted by age, sex, and BMI.
