From: Sex-differential genetic effect of phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) on carotid atherosclerosis
 | Men (N = 482) | Women (N = 531) | p value* |
---|---|---|---|
Age(yr) | 52.5 ± 12.2 | 52.8 ± 12.2 | 0.766 |
Diabetes | 60(12.5%) | 43(8.2%) | 0.025 |
Hypertension | 171(35.5%) | 147(27.7%) | 0.008 |
Hyperlipidemia | 24(5.1%) | 29(5.6%) | 0.704 |
Smoking (current + past vs. never) | 198(41.4%) | 10(1.9%) | 9.9 × 10-54 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.79 ± 0.87 | 4.86 ± 0.87 | 0.180 |
Carotid plaque | N = 268 | N = 414 | Â |
   No plaque (index = 0) | 159(59.3%) | 288(69.6%) | ref. |
   Low-risk group (index = 1 - 3) | 80(29.9%) | 119(28.7%) | 0.260 |
   High-risk group (index ≥ 4) | 29(10.8%) | 7(1.7%) | 1 × 10-7 |
Age-adjusted carotid IMT (mm) | N = 482 | N = 531 | Â |
   CCA IMT | 0.64 ± 0.13 | 0.59 ± 0.10 | 4.2 × 10-9 |
   Bif IMT | 0.67 ± 0.13 | 0.63 ± 0.10 | 7.7 × 10-9 |
   ICA IMT | 0.54 ± 0.11 | 0.48 ± 0.08 | 1.8 × 10-16 |