Table 1 General characteristics of study subjects
| Â | European-American (EA) | African-American (AA) | Ethnicity P (a/b) | Gender P (a/b) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | male | female | male | female | Â | Â | ||||
| Â | N | mean (SD) | N | mean (SD) | N | mean (SD) | N | mean (SD) | Â | Â |
Age, years | 475 | 17.4(3.4) | 478 | 17.8(3.4) | 457 | 15.2(4.4) | 568 | 15.8(4.5) | 0.52 | 0.19 |
Anthropometry and adiposity | ||||||||||
Height (cm) | 475 | 173.4(9.0) | 478 | 162.6(6.9) | 457 | 165.2(16.0) | 568 | 158.4(10.8) | 0.67 | < 0.001 |
Weight(kg) | 475 | 69.9(18.2) | 478 | 60.9(15.6) | 457 | 63.8(22.3) | 568 | 62.6(21.1) | < 0.001** | < 0.001 |
BMI(kg/m2) | 475 | 23.1(5.1) | 477 | 22.8(4.9) | 457 | 22.8(5.4) | 566 | 24.5(6.6) | < 0.001** | < 0.001## |
Waist circumference (cm) | 474 | 80.4(12.9) | 476 | 75.2(12.8) | 457 | 74.6(13.5) | 568 | 75.9(14.9) | 0.02* | < 0.001# |
Suprailiac skinfold (mm) | 474 | 14.7(9.2) | 478 | 18.7(9.7) | 457 | 14.6(11.4) | 568 | 20.7(12.0) | 0.001** | < 0.001 |
Subscapular skinfold (mm) | 474 | 13.2(7.8) | 478 | 16.7(8.5) | 457 | 14.7(9.5) | 567 | 20.3(11.1) | < 0.001** | < 0.001 |
Triceps skinfold (mm) | 475 | 13.1(7.1) | 477 | 20.5(7.4) | 457 | 13.6(8.3) | 568 | 21.6(9.7) | 0.74 | < 0.001 |
Sum of skinfolds (mm) | 475 | 41.0(22.8) | 477 | 55.9(24.0) | 457 | 42.9(28.1) | 567 | 62.7(31.3) | 0.001** | < 0.001 |
%BF | 132 | 18.7(7.8) | 144 | 29.4(7.1) | 227 | 20.9(10.0) | 265 | 29.5(8.5) | 0.34 | < 0.001 |
VAT(cm3) | 64 | 95.8(56.2) | 72 | 111.9(55.6) | 70 | 67.0(49.6) | 188 | 100.8(72.6) | < 0.001* | < 0.001 |
SAAT (cm3) | 64 | 622.9(556.1) | 72 | 903.4(517.2) | 70 | 613.1(671.8) | 187 | 1027.3(807.7) | 0.05** | < 0.001 |
Insulin resistance | ||||||||||
Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 164 | 5.3(0.5) | 175 | 5.0(0.5) | 192 | 5.3(0.6) | 284 | 5.0(0.5) | 0.35/0.86 | < 0.001/< 0.001 |
Fasting insulin (pmol/L) | 163 | 100.8(57.2) | 169 | 94.2(58.0) | 186 | 102.6(55.6) | 282 | 131.9(76.4) | < 0.001**/< 0.001** | < 0.001##/< 0.001## |
HOMA2-%B | 160 | 130.3(48.4) | 169 | 137.4(50.0) | 186 | 134.3(51.2) | 281 | 174.3(64.2) | < 0.001**/< 0.001** | < 0.001##/< 0.001## |
HOMA2-IR | 160 | 1.9(1.0) | 169 | 1.7(1.0) | 186 | 1.9(1.0) | 281 | 2.4(1.3) | < 0.001**/< 0.001** | < 0.001##/< 0.001## |
Environmental variables | ||||||||||
EI(Kilojoules/d) | 134 | 9627.9 (2373.8) | 146 | 7292.2 (2214.1) | 233 | 8109.3 (2809.8) | 268 | 6939.0 (2356.7) | 0.006*/0.005* | < 0.001/< 0.001 |
%CARBO | 134 | 53.4(6.3) | 146 | 55.8(6.2) | 233 | 51.0(7.2) | 269 | 53.5(6.9) | 0.001/0.004 | < 0.001/< 0.001 |
%PRO | 134 | 14.4(2.8) | 146 | 13.6(2.7) | 233 | 14.4(3.0) | 269 | 13.3(2.8) | 0.39/0.15 | < 0.001/< 0.001 |
%FAT | 134 | 32.8(4.8) | 146 | 32.0(5.2) | 234 | 35.2(5.8) | 268 | 34.1(5.1) | < 0.001/< 0.001 | 0.009/0.008 |
VPA (hours/d) | 134 | 0.8(0.7) | 146 | 0.4(0.5) | 213 | 0.7(0.7) | 257 | 0.3(0.5) | 0.28/0.29 | < 0.001/< 0.001 |