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Figure 3 | BMC Medical Genetics

Figure 3

From: Genome-wide association analysis of total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels using the Framingham Heart Study data

Figure 3

Distributions of total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in original scales and in log-transformed scales. A) Distribution of TC in original scale deviated from normality and had an outlier to the far right. B) The Box-Cox maximum likelihood analysis showed that log-transformation (λ ≈ 0) was the best transformation to achieve normality for TC. C) Log-transformed TC values achieved normality. One outlier to the far right was removed from the data analysis. D) Distribution of HDL-C in original scale deviated from normality and had some outliers to the right. E) The Box-Cox maximum likelihood analysis showed that log-transformation (λ ≈ 0) was the best transformation to achieve normality for HDL-C. F) Log-transformed HDL-C values achieved normality without serious outliers.

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